Supports and Barriers to Inclusive Workplaces for LGBTQIA+ Autistic Adults in the United States.

Background: Autistic people and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex, asexual, and people of other sexuality or gender minorities (LGBTQIA+) experience worse unemployment rates than allistic or cisgender, straight people. Yet, there is limited research to understand the employment experiences of people with both autistic and LGBTQIA+ identities. Therefore, in this study, we aim to describe the barriers and supports for inclusion in the workplace for autistic LGBTQIA+ adults.

Exploring the epidemiology of mcr genes, genetic context and plasmids in Enterobacteriaceae originating from pigs and humans on farms in Thailand.

Objectives: In veterinary medicine, colistin has been widely used as therapeutic and prophylactic agent, and for growth promotion. However, colistin has been re-introduced into treatment of human MDR bacterial infections. We assessed the characteristics and spread of plasmid-borne colistin resistance among healthy pigs, workers with animal-contact and their household members in Thailand.

Genome-associations of extended-spectrum ß-lactamase producing (ESBL) or AmpC producing E. coli in small and medium pig farms from Khon Kaen province, Thailand.

Thailand is undergoing rapid intensification of livestock production where small subsistence farms and medium sized commercial farms coexist. In medium farms, antimicrobials are prescribed by a veterinarian, whereas in small farms antimicrobial use remains largely unsupervised. The impact of these differences as well as other farming practices on the emergence and composition of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) remains largely unknown.

Longitudinal Evolution of the Pseudomonas-Derived Cephalosporinase (PDC) Structure and Activity in a Cystic Fibrosis Patient Treated with β-Lactams.

Traditional studies on the evolution of antibiotic resistance development use approaches that can range from laboratory-based experimental studies, to epidemiological surveillance, to sequencing of clinical isolates. However, evolutionary trajectories also depend on the environment in which selection takes place, compelling the need to more deeply investigate the impact of environmental complexities and their dynamics over time. Herein, we explored the within-patient adaptive long-term evolution of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa hypermutator lineage in the airways of a cystic fibrosis (CF) patient by performing a chronological tracking of mutations that occurred in different subpopulations; our results demonstrated parallel evolution events in the chromosomally encoded class C β-lactamase ().

Dissemination of Resistant Among Wild Birds, Rodents, Flies, and Calves on Dairy Farms.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacteria in the livestock is a growing problem, partly due to inappropriate use of antimicrobial drugs. Antimicrobial use (AMU) occurs in Swedish dairy farming but is restricted to the treatment of sick animals based on prescription by a veterinary practitioner. Despite these strict rules, calves shedding antimicrobial resistant have been recorded both in dairy farms and in slaughterhouses.

Food Insecurity: Child Care Programs' Perspectives.

Background: Households experiencing "food insecurity" have limited access to food due to a lack of money or resources. Poor nutrition, from food insecurity, can impact physical and cognitive development of children. Study objectives were to document the prevalence of Tennessee child care programs screening for food insecurity, explore differences between programs receiving child and adult care food program (CACFP) funding and those screening for food insecurity, and understand possible burdens food insecurity places on child care families as perceived by child care program directors.

Molecular Characterization of Multidrug-Resistant From Foodborne Outbreaks in Sweden.

The foodborne pathogen causes gastrointestinal infections worldwide. In the spring of 2019, the Swedish Public Health Agency and Statens Serum Institut in Denmark independently identified an outbreak caused by 4/O:3 that after sequence comparison turned out to be a cross-border outbreak. A trace-back investigation suggested shipments of fresh prewashed spinach from Italy as a common source for the outbreak.

Geographic Drivers of Antimicrobial Use and Resistance in Pigs in Khon Kaen Province, Thailand.

In Thailand, pig production has increased considerably in the last decades to meet a growing demand for pork. Antimicrobials are used routinely in intensive pig production to treat infections and increase productivity. However, the use of antimicrobials also contributes to the rise of antimicrobial resistance with potential consequences for animal and human health.

Exploring the Antibiotic Resistance Burden in Livestock, Livestock Handlers and Their Non-Livestock Handling Contacts: A One Health Perspective.

Antibiotics are freqeuently used in the livestock sector in low- and middle-income countries for treatment, prophylaxis, and growth promotion. However, there is limited information into the zoonotic prevalence and dissemination patterns of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) within these environments. In this study we used pig farming in Thailand as a model to explore AMR; 156 pig farms were included, comprising of small-sized (<50 sows) and medium-sized (≥100 sows) farms, where bacterial isolates were selectively cultured from animal rectal and human fecal samples.

Genome sequences of two multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli strains MEZEC8 and MEZEC10 isolated from livestock in South Africa.

Objectives: The emergence of antimicrobial-resistant livestock-associated Escherichia coli represents a great public health concern. Here we report the draft genome sequences of two multidrug-resistant livestock-associated E. coli strains MEZEC8 and MEZEC10 isolated from sheep in South Africa.

Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns in Organic and Conventional Dairy Herds in Sweden.

Monitoring antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and use (AMU) is important for control. We used from healthy young calves as an indicator to evaluate whether AMR patterns differ between Swedish organic and conventional dairy herds and whether the patterns could be related to AMU data. Samples were taken twice, in 30 organic and 30 conventional dairy herds.

Antimicrobial Resistance in Fecal from Humans and Pigs at Farms at Different Levels of Intensification.

The overall aim of the current study was to test the hypotheses that (i) antibiotic resistance in bacteria were more frequent in clinically health pigs in intensified company owned, medium-scale farms (MSFs) (100-500 sows) than in pigs in family-owned, small-scale farms (SSFs) (1-50 sows) and (ii) that farmers working at the MSFs were more prone to attain antibiotic resistant bacteria than farmers working at SSFs. The study was conducted in North-Eastern Thailand, comprising fecal isolates from pigs, farmers working with the pigs (contact humans) and persons living in the same household as the farmer (non-contact humans) at 51 MSFs and 113 SSFs. Samples from all farms were also screened for methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), which was not detected in pig samples, but was found in one human sample.

Spatio-Temporal Mutational Profile Appearances of Swedish SARS-CoV-2 during the Early Pandemic.

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the virus evolved, and we therefore aimed to provide an insight into which genetic variants were enriched, and how they spread in Sweden.

Methods: We analyzed 348 Swedish SARS-CoV-2 sequences freely available from GISAID obtained from 7 February 2020 until 14 May 2020.

Results: We identified 14 variant sites ≥5% frequency in the population.

Genome sequences of two Salmonella enterica strains (MEZSAL74 and MEZSAL81) harbouring multiple antimicrobial resistance genes isolated from livestock in South Africa.

Objectives: Antimicrobial-resistant livestock-associated Salmonella enterica infections pose a significant public-health threat worldwide. Here we report for the first time the draft genome sequences of two multidrug-resistant livestock-associated S. enterica strains isolated from a chicken and a cow in South Africa.

Genome Sequence of Listeria innocua Strain MEZLIS26, Isolated from a Goat in South Africa.

Here, we report the draft genome sequence of strain MEZLIS26, isolated from a healthy goat in Flagstaff, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. The genome was sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq platform and had a length of 2,800,777 bp, with a G+C content of 37.4%, 2,755 coding DNA sequences (CDSs), 49 transfer RNAs (tRNAs), and 4 noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs).

Time-Resolved Tracking of Mutations Reveals Diverse Allele Dynamics during Antimicrobial Adaptive Evolution to Single Drugs and Drug Pairs.

Understanding the evolutionary processes that lead to antibiotic resistance can help to achieve better treatment strategies. Yet, little is known about the dynamics of the resistance alleles during adaptation. Here, we use population sequencing to monitor genetic changes in putative resistance loci at several time-points during adaptive evolution experiments involving five different antibiotic conditions.