Association between Friends' Use of Nicotine and Cannabis and Intake of both Substances among Adolescents.

Nicotine and cannabis use are common among adolescents and may be associated with behavioral problems, poor academic outcomes and use disorders. The goals of this analysis were the following: (1) Describe the influence of friends' nicotine and cannabis smoking and vaping on self-reported use. (2) Describe the relationship between friends' nicotine and cannabis use on participants' urinary biomarkers of nicotine (cotinine) and cannabis (11-nor-9-carboxy-Δ⁸tetrahydrocannabinol=THC-COOH).

Medicaid IBCLC Service Coverage following the Affordable Care Act and the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services Update.

Background: International Board Certified Lactation Consultants (IBCLCs) are associated with increased rates and duration of breastfeeding. Recent US legislation offers opportunities for private and public insurers to include IBCLC services as a covered benefit.

Objective: To explore US states' Medicaid coverage of IBCLC services following January 2014 legislative expansions of coverage for preventive health services.

Blood lead concentration is not altered by high-dose vitamin D supplementation in children and young adults with HIV.

Objectives: Optimal vitamin D status is known to have beneficial health effects and vitamin D supplements are commonly used. It has been suggested that vitamin D supplementation may increase blood lead in children and adults with previous lead exposure. The objective was to determine the safety regarding lead toxicity during 12 weeks of high-dose vitamin D3 supplementation in children and young adults with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).