Can a conditional cash transfer reduce teen fertility? The case of Brazil's Bolsa Familia.

In 2008, Brazil's conditional cash transfer program expanded to cover a wider range of ages. Poor families are now given stipends for their children's school attendance up to age seventeen, whereas prior the maximum age was fifteen. Using a nationally representative household survey, we estimate the impact of this policy on teen fertility with a triple difference analysis on the fertility outcomes of treated cohorts vs.

Ser(P)-1292 LRRK2 in urinary exosomes is elevated in idiopathic Parkinson's disease.

Background: Mutations in Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) enhance levels of the autophosphorylated LRRK2 protein and are the most common known cause of inherited Parkinson's disease (PD). LRRK2 has been further implicated in susceptibility to idiopathic PD in genetic association studies.

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare autophosphorylated Ser(P)-1292 LRRK2 levels from biobanked urine samples with clinical data in PD patients and controls.