Myofascial release induces declines in heart rate and changes to microvascular reactivity in young healthy adults.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare physiological responses to myofascial release (MFR) and passive limb movement (PLM).

Design: Nineteen (23 ± 2.6yrs) adults (10 men and 9 women) completed two experiments on separate days: MFR and PLM.

Impact of Ketorolac on Reoperation for Hemorrhage After Pediatric Tonsillectomy: A Single-Center Retrospective Propensity-Matched Study.

Objective: To determine if perioperative ketorolac is associated with an increased rate of reoperation for hemorrhage after pediatric tonsillectomy at 30 days and 48 hours.

Study Design: Single-center retrospective propensity-matched study.

Setting: Quaternary pediatric hospital and ambulatory surgery center.

Examining Relationships between Cognitive Flexibility, Exercise Perceptions, and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors.

Adults do not engage in enough physical activity. Investigating cognitive and physiological factors related to improving this behavior-and reducing health risks-remains a public health priority. Our objective was to assess whether cognitive flexibility influenced perceptions and choice of exercise programs and whether flexibility was associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors.

Racial, Ethnic, Sex, and Age Differences in COVID-19 Cases, Hospitalizations, and Deaths Among Incarcerated People and Staff in Correctional Facilities in Six Jurisdictions, United States, March-July 2020.

Objectives: To examine disparities by sex, age group, and race and ethnicity in COVID-19 confirmed cases, hospitalizations, and deaths among incarcerated people and staff in correctional facilities.

Methods: Six U.S.

Health effects associated with smoking: a Burden of Proof study.

As a leading behavioral risk factor for numerous health outcomes, smoking is a major ongoing public health challenge. Although evidence on the health effects of smoking has been widely reported, few attempts have evaluated the dose-response relationship between smoking and a diverse range of health outcomes systematically and comprehensively. In the present study, we re-estimated the dose-response relationships between current smoking and 36 health outcomes by conducting systematic reviews up to 31 May 2022, employing a meta-analytic method that incorporates between-study heterogeneity into estimates of uncertainty.

The Burden of Proof studies: assessing the evidence of risk.

Exposure to risks throughout life results in a wide variety of outcomes. Objectively judging the relative impact of these risks on personal and population health is fundamental to individual survival and societal prosperity. Existing mechanisms to quantify and rank the magnitude of these myriad effects and the uncertainty in their estimation are largely subjective, leaving room for interpretation that can fuel academic controversy and add to confusion when communicating risk.

Leveraging Real-world Data to Increase Procedure Room Capacity: A Multidisciplinary Quality Improvement Project.

Introduction: In the current healthcare climate, the financial strain created by COVID-19, limited resources, and case backlogs highlight the need to optimize operating and procedure room efficiency and maximize capacity. At Seattle Children's, a clinical multidisciplinary team developed and implemented a data-driven protocol to improve efficiency in a high-volume gastrointestinal (GI) suite.

Methods: Key process measures, including all case on-time starts and postanesthesia care unit length of stay, were extracted from the electronic medical record and presented as Statistical Process Control (SPC) charts.

Diverse geroprotectors differently affect a mechanism linking cellular aging to cellular quiescence in budding yeast.

We propose a hypothesis of a mechanism linking cellular aging to cellular quiescence in chronologically aging budding yeast. Our hypothesis posits that this mechanism integrates four different processes, all of which are initiated after yeast cells cultured in a medium initially containing glucose consume it. Quiescent cells that develop in these cultures can be separated into the high- and low-density sub-populations of different buoyant densities.

Life Expectancy for White, Black, and Hispanic Race/Ethnicity in U.S. States: Trends and Disparities, 1990 to 2019.

Background: Life expectancy (LE) differences within and between states by race/ethnicity have not been examined.

Objective: To estimate LE for selected race/ethnicity groups in states from 1990 to 2019.

Design: Cross-sectional time-series analysis.

Lean methodology in quality improvement.

Measurement of quality and improvement in medicine has existed since Florence Nightingale's time. In modern times, medicine has sought to learn from other high-reliability industries such as aviation and nuclear power, where errors can result in catastrophic outcomes. Lean is a unique quality improvement strategy that seeks to improve both quality and safety by driving out waste and, where possible, standardizing work practices.

Reexamining Rates of Decline in Lung Cancer Risk after Smoking Cessation. A Meta-analysis.

Prior studies have questioned whether prevailing eligibility criteria for lung cancer screening are sufficiently inclusive of former smokers who remain at elevated risk of disease outside current screening windows. To characterize the percentage of the reducible relative risk (RR) remaining for lung cancer as a function of years since quitting (YSQ). MEDLINE and PubMed were searched from January 2011 to May 2018; key search terms included "smoking" and "cancer.

Caloric restriction delays yeast chronological aging by remodeling carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, altering peroxisomal and mitochondrial functionalities, and postponing the onsets of apoptotic and liponecrotic modes of regulated cell death.

A dietary regimen of caloric restriction delays aging in evolutionarily distant eukaryotes, including the budding yeast . Here, we assessed how caloric restriction influences morphological, biochemical and cell biological properties of chronologically aging yeast advancing through different stages of the aging process. Our findings revealed that this low-calorie diet slows yeast chronological aging by mechanisms that coordinate the spatiotemporal dynamics of various cellular processes before entry into a non-proliferative state and after such entry.

Caloric restriction extends yeast chronological lifespan via a mechanism linking cellular aging to cell cycle regulation, maintenance of a quiescent state, entry into a non-quiescent state and survival in the non-quiescent state.

A yeast culture grown in a nutrient-rich medium initially containing 2% glucose is not limited in calorie supply. When yeast cells cultured in this medium consume glucose, they undergo cell cycle arrest at a checkpoint in late G1 and differentiate into quiescent and non-quiescent cell populations. Studies of such differentiation have provided insights into mechanisms of yeast chronological aging under conditions of excessive calorie intake.

Discovery of plant extracts that greatly delay yeast chronological aging and have different effects on longevity-defining cellular processes.

We discovered six plant extracts that increase yeast chronological lifespan to a significantly greater extent than any of the presently known longevity-extending chemical compounds. One of these extracts is the most potent longevity-extending pharmacological intervention yet described. We show that each of the six plant extracts is a geroprotector which delays the onset and decreases the rate of yeast chronological aging by eliciting a hormetic stress response.

Lithocholic bile acid accumulated in yeast mitochondria orchestrates a development of an anti-aging cellular pattern by causing age-related changes in cellular proteome.

We have previously revealed that exogenously added lithocholic bile acid (LCA) extends the chronological lifespan of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, accumulates in mitochondria and alters mitochondrial membrane lipidome. Here, we use quantitative mass spectrometry to show that LCA alters the age-related dynamics of changes in levels of many mitochondrial proteins, as well as numerous proteins in cellular locations outside of mitochondria. These proteins belong to 2 regulons, each modulated by a different mitochondrial dysfunction; we call them a partial mitochondrial dysfunction regulon and an oxidative stress regulon.

Mechanism of liponecrosis, a distinct mode of programmed cell death.

An exposure of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to exogenous palmitoleic acid (POA) elicits "liponecrosis," a mode of programmed cell death (PCD) which differs from the currently known PCD subroutines. Here, we report the following mechanism for liponecrotic PCD. Exogenously added POA is incorporated into POA-containing phospholipids that then amass in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane, mitochondrial membranes and the plasma membrane.

P-glycoprotein inhibition promotes prednisone retention in human sinonasal polyp explants.

Background: P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is an efflux pump, which is part of the innate chemo-immunity defense system and is overexpressed in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). P-gp is capable of regulating corticosteroid retention and thus P-gp upregulation has been implicated in steroid resistance in several inflammatory disorders. The goal of this study is to determine whether P-gp regulates intracellular steroid retention in CRSwNP.

Osteitis is associated with P-glycoprotein overexpression in patients with chronic sinusitis without nasal polyps.

Background: P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is a membrane-bound efflux pump that is up-regulated in eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis and participates in epithelial cytokine secretion. Osteitis is associated with eosinophilic inflammation and may represent a method to predict patients with P-gp overexpression. The purpose of this article was to determine whether P-gp overexpression and increased osteitis scores are associated in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).

P-glycoprotein promotes epithelial T helper 2-associated cytokine secretion in chronic sinusitis with nasal polyps.

Background: Sinonasal epithelial cells are recognized as drivers of inflammation in chronic sinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) through secretion of T helper 2 (Th2)-promoting cytokines. P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is overexpressed in nasal polyps and modulates epithelial cytokine secretion in healthy mucosa. The objective of this study is to determine whether P-gp overactivity promotes Th2-associated cytokine secretion in CRSwNP.

Improving symptom management in hemodialysis patients: identifying barriers and future directions.

Background: Hemodialysis (HD) patients experience significant symptom burden that is often undertreated.

Objective: This study identified (1) barriers to symptom management in the HD population, (2) potential targets for improving symptom burden, (3) provider attitudes toward palliative care for HD patients, and (4) perceptions of how transplant eligibility impacts care.

Design: Semistructured, one-on-one interviews were conducted, audiotaped, and transcribed.

Macromitophagy, neutral lipids synthesis, and peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation protect yeast from "liponecrosis", a previously unknown form of programmed cell death.

We identified a form of cell death called "liponecrosis." It can be elicited by an exposure of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to exogenous palmitoleic acid (POA). Our data imply that liponecrosis is: (1) a programmed, regulated form of cell death rather than an accidental, unregulated cellular process and (2) an age-related form of cell death.

Cost of schizophrenia in the Medicare program.

Medicare beneficiaries diagnosed with non-schizoaffective schizophrenia (MBS) in a 5% national Medicare fee-for-service sample from 2003-2007 were followed for 1-6 years. Medicare population and cost estimates also were made from 2001-2009. Service utilization and Medicare (and beneficiary share) payments for all services except prescription drugs were analyzed.

Disparities in symptom burden and renal transplant eligibility: a pilot study.

Background: Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on hemodialysis (HD) suffer from a high symptom burden. However, there is significant heterogeneity within the HD population; certain subgroups, such as the elderly, may experience disproportionate symptom burden.

Objectives: The study's objective was to propose a category of HD patients at elevated risk for symptom burden (those patients who are not transplant candidates) and to compare symptomatology among transplant ineligible versus eligible HD patients.