Problem-solving processes for central venous catheter occlusion within pediatric cancer care: A qualitative study.

Purpose: Central venous access devices play a crucial role in healthcare settings. However, there is concern regarding the high incidence of blockages occurring before the completion of treatments and existing guidelines for occlusion management are not consistently followed. To explore the decision-making and problem-solving process of occlusion management and identify enablers and barriers to implementing evidence for occlusion management in pediatric cancer care.

High Target Homology Does Not Guarantee Inhibition: Aminothiazoles Emerge as Inhibitors of .

In this study, we identified three novel compound classes with potent activity against , the most dangerous human malarial parasite. Resistance of this pathogen to known drugs is increasing, and compounds with different modes of action are urgently needed. One promising drug target is the enzyme 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase (DXPS) of the methylerythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway for which we have previously identified three active compound classes against .

Phase 1 Open-Label Dose Escalation Trial for the Development of a Human Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Challenge Model for Assessment of Tuberculosis Immunity In Vivo.

Background: A controlled human infection model for assessing tuberculosis (TB) immunity can accelerate new vaccine development.

Methods: In this phase 1 dose escalation trial, 92 healthy adults received a single intradermal injection of 2 × 106 to 16 × 106 colony-forming units of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). The primary endpoints were safety and BCG shedding as measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, colony-forming unit plating, and MGIT BACTEC culture.

VIKING II, a worldwide observational cohort of volunteers with northern isles ancestry.

Introduction: The purpose of VIKING II is to create an observational cohort of volunteers with ancestry from the Northern Isles of Scotland, primarily for identifying genetic variants influencing disease. The new online protocol is separate to, but follows on from, earlier genetic epidemiological clinic-based studies in the isolated populations of Orkney and Shetland. These populations are favourable for the study of rarer genetic variants due to genetic drift, the large number of relatives, and availability of pedigree information.

MEPicides: α,β-unsaturated Fosmidomycin -Acyl Analogs as Efficient Inhibitors of 1-Deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase.

Malaria, a mosquito-borne disease caused by several parasites of the genus, remains a huge threat to global public health. There are an estimated 0.5 million malaria deaths each year, mostly among African children.

Care at Your Fingertips: Codesign, Development, and Evaluation of the Oncology Hub App for Remote Symptom Management in Pediatric Oncology.

Purpose: To codesign, develop, and evaluate a smartphone app that includes patient-reported measures of symptoms and real-time advice in children's cancer.

Methods: The Oncology Hub is a comprehensive approach to symptom management that includes a suite of codesigned tools and resources including clinical algorithms to determine the level of concern, symptom management advice, and resources for families of children with cancer. The evaluation involved Think Aloud interviews with parent and adolescent patients to complete tasks in the app as well as a User Experience questionnaire (score range, 0-120) and qualitative feedback.

Motivation to train during a pandemic: The role of fitness resources, mental health, and motivational profiles among student-athletes in team sports.

The sporting season across post-secondary institutions was canceled in March 2020 due to COVID-19, and student-athletes had to maintain their training at home. It is unclear what personal and contextual factors facilitated student-athletes' ability to maintain their training routines at home when social distancing and lockdown (SD/L) policies were put in place. Our cross-sectional study of 433 student-athletes examined (a) how athletes adapted their training, (b) what training barriers they experienced, (c) whether motivational profiles were associated with differences in training behaviors and mental health, and (d) what variables predicted athletes' motivation to train during this prolonged offseason.

TeenCovidLife: a resource to understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on adolescents in Scotland.

TeenCovidLife is part of Generation Scotland's CovidLife projects, a set of longitudinal observational studies designed to assess the psychosocial and health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. TeenCovidLife focused on how adolescents in Scotland were coping during the pandemic. As of September 2021, Generation Scotland had conducted three TeenCovidLife surveys.

A Case of Giant Cell Arteritis With a Normal Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) Post ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccination.

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) has been reported post the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination, especially with the mRNA vaccine. A normal erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is seen in some GCA patients. This report describes a 68-year-old gentleman who presented with a right-sided temporal headache for three weeks, starting three to five days after his second dose of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine, a viral vector vaccine, which was given seven weeks post the first dose.

A Case of COVID-19 With Myasthenic Crisis.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection can increase the risk of myasthenic crisis. Dexamethasone has been widely used to manage severe COVID-19 infection. Paradoxically, steroids are effective for treating myasthenia gravis; however, when they are started in high doses, there is an associated risk of steroid-induced exacerbation.

RuralCovidLife: A new resource for the impact of the pandemic on rural Scotland.

RuralCovidLife is part of Generation Scotland's CovidLife project, investigating the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and mitigation measures on people in Scotland. The RuralCovidLife project focuses on Scotland's rural communities, and how they have been impacted by the pandemic. During survey development, Generation Scotland consulted with people living or working in rural communities, and collaborated with a patient and public involvement and engagement (PPIE) group composed of rural community leaders.

Major Role for Cellular MicroRNAs, Long Noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and the Epstein-Barr Virus-Encoded BART lncRNA during Tumor Growth .

This study assessed the effects of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and one form of virally encoded BART long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) on cellular expression in epithelial cells grown and as tumors determined by high-throughput RNA sequencing of mRNA and small RNAs. Hierarchical clustering based on gene expression distinguished the cell lines from the tumors and distinguished the EBV-positive tumors and the BART tumors from the EBV-negative tumors. EBV and BART expression also induced specific expression changes in cellular microRNAs (miRs) and lncRNAs.

Routine Catheter Lock Solutions in Pediatric Cancer Care: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of Heparin vs Saline.

Background: Central venous access devices (CVADs) are integral to cancer care provision. Despite the high prevalence of CVAD complications in children with cancer, preventative strategies are understudied.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess study feasibility, occlusive events, thrombolytic use, adverse events, and direct costs of catheter lock solutions.

Granzyme A Produced by γδ T Cells Activates ER Stress Responses and ATP Production, and Protects Against Intracellular Mycobacterial Replication Independent of Enzymatic Activity.

(Mtb), the pathological agent that causes tuberculosis (TB) is the number one infectious killer worldwide with one fourth of the world's population currently infected. Data indicate that γδ T cells secrete Granzyme A (GzmA) in the extracellular space triggering the infected monocyte to inhibit growth of intracellular mycobacteria. Accordingly, deletion of from γδ T cells reverses their inhibitory capacity.

Structure-guided microbial targeting of antistaphylococcal prodrugs.

Carboxy ester prodrugs are widely employed to increase oral absorption and potency of phosphonate antibiotics. Prodrugging can mask problematic chemical features that prevent cellular uptake and may enable tissue-specific compound delivery. However, many carboxy ester promoieties are rapidly hydrolyzed by serum esterases, limiting their therapeutic potential.

The Plasmodium falciparum ABC transporter ABCI3 confers parasite strain-dependent pleiotropic antimalarial drug resistance.

Widespread Plasmodium falciparum resistance to first-line antimalarials underscores the vital need to develop compounds with novel modes of action and identify new druggable targets. Here, we profile five compounds that potently inhibit P. falciparum asexual blood stages.

CovidLife: a resource to understand mental health, well-being and behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK.

CovidLife is a longitudinal observational study designed to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health, well-being and behaviour in adults living in the UK. In total, 18,518 participants (mean age = 56.43, SD = 14.

Improving management of fever in neutropenic children with cancer across multiple sites.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of a clinical pathway in achieving antibiotic administration in less than 60 minutes for children with cancer, presenting with fever and neutropenia. Secondary objectives were to determine association between time to antibiotics (TTA) and other variables including fever duration, location of care and intravenous access types.

Methods: Following introduction of the clinical pathway, we collected prospective data about management of all cases that did and did not use the pathway across multiple sites over 16 months.

Antimicrobial Prodrug Activation by the Staphylococcal Glyoxalase GloB.

With the rising prevalence of multidrug resistance, there is an urgent need to develop novel antibiotics. Many putative antibiotics demonstrate promising potency but fail due to poor drug-like qualities (e.g.

Practical reflections on a collaboration with healthcare consumers on the development of a simulation.

Background: Healthcare simulations generate moments of 'cultural compression' through which we transmit core values about our professional identities and the families we care for. The engagement of healthcare consumers in this process is useful to evaluate the values we transmit and ensure authenticity in the narratives we share.

Methods: A simulation package on febrile neutropenia and port access was written by healthcare staff in consultation with the parent of a child with leukaemia.

Prevention of occlusion of cEnTral lInes for children with cancer: An implementation study.

Aim: Central venous access devices (CVADs) are vital medical devices to support the treatment of paediatric cancer; however, device occlusion is common, which disrupts treatment. This study aimed to improve the identification and management of CVAD occlusions in children with cancer, as well as to identify the demographic, clinical and device characteristics associated with increased risk for CVAD occlusion.

Methods: A pre-post-implementation study was conducted at a metropolitan paediatric oncology facility in Australia, using the Theoretical Domains Framework.

Potent, specific MEPicides for treatment of zoonotic staphylococci.

Coagulase-positive staphylococci, which frequently colonize the mucosal surfaces of animals, also cause a spectrum of opportunistic infections including skin and soft tissue infections, urinary tract infections, pneumonia, and bacteremia. However, recent advances in bacterial identification have revealed that these common veterinary pathogens are in fact zoonoses that cause serious infections in human patients. The global spread of multidrug-resistant zoonotic staphylococci, in particular the emergence of methicillin-resistant organisms, is now a serious threat to both animal and human welfare.