Mapping the Pathways Between Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Depression, and Alcohol and Cannabis Use: A Network Analysis.

The present study examines the network structure and, using Bayesian network analysis, estimates the directional pathways among symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and levels of alcohol and cannabis use. A sample of 1471 adults in the United States, who reported at least one potentially traumatic event, completed the PTSD Checklist (PCL-5), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and the Alcohol/Cannabis Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT/CUDIT). A regularized partial correlation network provided estimates of symptoms clusters and connections.

Sarm1 is not necessary for activation of neuron-intrinsic growth programs yet required for the Schwann cell repair response and peripheral nerve regeneration.

Upon peripheral nervous system (PNS) injury, severed axons undergo rapid SARM1-dependent Wallerian degeneration (WD). In mammals, the role of SARM1 in PNS regeneration, however, is unknown. Here we demonstrate that is not required for axotomy induced activation of neuron-intrinsic growth programs and axonal growth into a nerve crush site.

Activity budget and gut microbiota stability and flexibility across reproductive states in wild capuchin monkeys in a seasonal tropical dry forest.

Background: Energy demands associated with pregnancy and lactation are significant forces in mammalian evolution. To mitigate increased energy costs associated with reproduction, female mammals have evolved behavioural and physiological responses. Some species alter activity to conserve energy during pregnancy and lactation, while others experience changes in metabolism and fat deposition.

The relationship between tonic immobility and the development, severity, and course of posttraumatic stress disorder: Systematic and meta-analytic literature review.

Background: Tonic immobility (TI) is a reflexive, involuntary response that causes motor inhibition, vocal suppression, and analgesia. TI is elicited by extreme fear and perception of entrapment in a life-threatening situation. Research suggests that TI is a frequent peritraumatic response and may be related to subsequent posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Anatomy and dietary specialization influence sensory behaviour among sympatric primates.

Senses form the interface between animals and environments, and provide a window into the ecology of past and present species. However, research on sensory behaviours by wild frugivores is sparse. Here, we examine fruit assessment by three sympatric primates (, and ) to test the hypothesis that dietary and sensory specialization shape foraging behaviours.

The impact of neighborhood context on telomere length: A systematic review.

A growing body of research demonstrates the association between neighborhood context and health. The underlying biological mechanisms of this association are not fully understood. We conducted a systematic review of studies that investigated the association between neighborhood context and telomere length (TL), a DNA-protein complex that shortens after cell division.

Neuroinflammation: Breaking barriers and bridging gaps.

Neurons are the cells of the nervous system and are responsible for every thought, movement and perception. Immune cells are the cells of the immune system, constantly protecting from foreign pathogens. Understanding the interaction between the two systems is especially important in disease states such as autoimmune or neurodegenerative disease.

Symptom networks of COVID-19-related versus other potentially traumatic events in a global sample.

The potential mental health consequences of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic are widely acknowledged; however, limited research exists regarding the nature and patterns of stress responses to COVID-19-related potentially traumatic events (PTEs) and the convergence/divergence with responses to other (non-COVID-19-related) PTEs. Network analysis can provide a useful method for evaluating and comparing these symptom structures. The present study includes 7034 participants from 86 countries who reported on mental health symptoms associated with either a COVID-19-related PTE (n = 1838) or other PTE (n = 5196).

Empirical Evaluation of Rainbow Reflections: A Comic Book Anthology on Body Image for Queer Men.

Gay, bisexual, and queer (GBQ) men are at higher risk of negative body image. As having a negative body image is related to negative mood, sexual, and health outcomes, identifying and providing community-friendly tools for GBQ men is important. This paper describes the creation and evaluation of Rainbow Reflections, a comic anthology developed to promote awareness of and communication about body image.

Fruit scent and observer colour vision shape food-selection strategies in wild capuchin monkeys.

The senses play critical roles in helping animals evaluate foods, including fruits that can change both in colour and scent during ripening to attract frugivores. Although numerous studies have assessed the impact of colour on fruit selection, comparatively little is known about fruit scent and how olfactory and visual data are integrated during foraging. We combine 25 months of behavioural data on 75 wild, white-faced capuchins (Cebus imitator) with measurements of fruit colours and scents from 18 dietary plant species.

Comparing Amazon Mechanical Turk with unpaid internet resources in online clinical trials.

Unlabelled: Internet interventions face significant challenges in recruitment and attrition rates are typically high and problematic. Finding innovative yet scientifically valid avenues for attaining and retaining participants is therefore of considerable importance. The main goal of this study was to compare recruitment process and participants characteristics between two similar randomized control trials of mood management interventions.

Mood management effects of brief unsupported internet interventions.

Background: Most users of unsupported Internet interventions visit that site only once, therefore there is a need to create interventions that can be offered as a single brief interaction with the user.

Objective: The main goal of this study was to compare the effect of a one-session unsupported Internet intervention on participants' clinical symptoms (depressive and anxiety symptoms) and related variables (mood, confidence and motivation).

Method: A total of 765 adults residing in the United States took part in a randomized controlled trial.