Patient outcomes: One-stage vs. two-stage lumbar surgery for symptomatic low-grade spondylolisthesis: A quality outcomes database study.

Objective: Controversy exists regarding treatment of symptomatic low-grade spondylolisthesis (LGS). Both one- and two-stage fusions are commonly performed, but it is unclear if one approach is superior. We aim to compare the satisfaction rates and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in patients with LGS undergoing one- versus two-stage lumbar spine surgery.

Development and Feasibility of an eHealth Diabetes Prevention Program Adapted for Older Adults-Results from a Randomized Control Pilot Study.

Lifestyle programs that reduce health risks and support weight loss (WL) in older adults face adherence and attendance challenges due to reduced energy requirements, impaired mobility, lack of transportation, and low social support. Tailored lifestyle and weight management programs are needed to better support healthy aging for older adults. Here, we developed and piloted an age-adapted, remotely delivered modification of the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP).

Diet composition, adherence to calorie restriction, and cardiometabolic disease risk modification.

Calorie restriction (CR) is a promising approach for attenuating the risk of age-related disease. However, the role of diet composition on adherence to CR and the effects of CR on cardiometabolic markers of healthspan remains unknown. We used the Geometric Framework for Nutrition approach to examine the association between macronutrient composition and CR adherence during the 2-year CALERIE trial.

No Effect of Calorie Restriction or Dietary Patterns on Spatial Working Memory During a 2-Year Intervention: A Secondary Analysis of the CALERIE Trial.

Background: The effect of calorie restriction (CR) on cognitive function is not well understood, and the impact of the dietary patterns consumed during CR has not been investigated.

Objectives: We analyzed the combined association of CR and dietary quality with spatial working memory (SWM) in healthy adults without obesity.

Methods: The Comprehensive Assessment of Long-term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy (CALERIE) trial was a 2-y, multisite clinical trial.

Randomized controlled trial of a novel lifestyle intervention used with or without meal replacements in work sites.

Objective: Lifestyle interventions have had limited effectiveness in work sites when evaluated in randomized trials. This study assessed the effectiveness of a novel lifestyle intervention for weight loss (Healthy Weight for Living [HWL]) implemented with or without meal replacements (MR) in work sites. HWL used a new behavioral approach emphasizing reducing hunger and building healthy food preferences, and, unlike traditional lifestyle interventions, it did not require calorie counting.

Randomized trial of a novel lifestyle intervention compared with the Diabetes Prevention Program for weight loss in adult dependents of military service members.

Background: Lifestyle interventions are the first-line treatment for obesity, but participant weight loss is typically low.

Objectives: We evaluated the efficacy of an alternative lifestyle intervention [Healthy Weight for Living (HWL)] compared with a modified Diabetes Prevention Program (m-DPP). HWL was based on a revised health behavior change model emphasizing hunger management and the development of healthy food preferences.

Healthy Aging-Nutrition Matters: Start Early and Screen Often.

The amount of time spent in poor health at the end of life is increasing. This narrative review summarizes consistent evidence indicating that healthy dietary patterns and maintenance of a healthy weight in the years leading to old age are associated with broad prevention of all the archetypal diseases and impairments associated with aging including: noncommunicable diseases, sarcopenia, cognitive decline and dementia, osteoporosis, age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, hearing loss, obstructive sleep apnea, urinary incontinence, and constipation. In addition, randomized clinical trials show that disease-specific nutrition interventions can attenuate progression-and in some cases effectively treat-many established aging-associated conditions.

Effects of food supplementation on cognitive function, cerebral blood flow, and nutritional status in young children at risk of undernutrition: randomized controlled trial.

Objective: To assess the effects of food supplementation on improving working memory and additional measures including cerebral blood flow in children at risk of undernutrition.

Design: Randomized controlled trial.

Setting: 10 villages in Guinea-Bissau.

Development of a Videoconference-Adapted Version of the Community Diabetes Prevention Program, and Comparison of Weight Loss With In-Person Program Delivery.

Introduction: Effective, standardized, and easily accessible weight management programs are urgently needed for military beneficiaries. Videoconference interventions have the potential for widespread scaling, and can provide both real time interaction and flexibility in delivery times regardless of location, but there is little information on their effectiveness and acceptability.

Materials And Methods: This study as part of a larger weight loss trial describes the videoconference adaption of Group Lifestyle Balance (GLB) program, a community group-based Diabetes Prevention Program intervention, and provides a comparison of weight loss and meeting attendance between in-person and videoconference delivery modes over 12 weeks in adult family members of military service members.

Corneal incision architecture: VICTUS femtosecond laser vs manual keratome.

Purpose: To evaluate anatomical differences between laser (VICTUS) and manual constructed phacoemulsification incisions.

Setting: Study was conducted at the Hospital de Olhos Paulista, Sao Paulo, Brazil.

Design: This is a prospective, observational, consecutive nonrandomized cohort.

Measured energy content of frequently purchased restaurant meals: multi-country cross sectional study.

Objective: To measure the energy content of frequently ordered meals from full service and fast food restaurants in five countries and compare values with US data.

Design: Cross sectional survey.

Setting: 223 meals from 111 randomly selected full service and fast food restaurants serving popular cuisines in Brazil, China, Finland, Ghana, and India were the primary sampling unit; 10 meals from five worksite canteens were also studied in Finland.

Are Gluten-Free Diets More Nutritious? An Evaluation of Self-Selected and Recommended Gluten-Free and Gluten-Containing Dietary Patterns.

Gluten-free (GF) eating patterns are frequently perceived to be healthier than gluten-containing (GC) ones, but there has been very little research to evaluate this viewpoint. The effect of GF eating patterns on dietary composition was assessed using two independent approaches. One approach compared macronutrients and typical shortfall nutrients between MyPlate example menus developed with either GC or equivalent GF foods.

Associations Between Vitamin D Intake and Progression to Incident Advanced Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

Purpose: There is growing evidence of the importance of nutrition in age-related macular degeneration (AMD), but no prospective studies have explored the impact of vitamin D. We evaluated the association between vitamin D intake and progression to advanced AMD.

Methods: Among 2146 participants (3965 eyes), 541 (777 eyes) progressed from early or intermediate AMD to advanced disease (mean follow-up: 9.

Optical Coherence Tomography Features Preceding the Onset of Advanced Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

Purpose: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a progressive disease with multifactorial etiology. There is a need to identify clinical features that are harbingers of advanced disease. We evaluated morphologic features of the retina and choroid on optical coherence tomography (OCT) to determine if they predict progression to advanced disease.

Distribution and Quantification of Choroidal Macrophages in Human Eyes With Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

Purpose: Increasing evidence suggests a role for macrophages in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). This study examined choroidal macrophages and their activation in postmortem eyes from subjects with and without AMD.

Methods: Choroids were incubated with anti-ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (anti-IBA1) to label macrophages, anti-human leukocyte antigen-antigen D-related (anti-HLA-DR) as a macrophage activation marker, and Ulex europaeus agglutinin lectin to label blood vessels.

Histopathological Insights Into Choroidal Vascular Loss in Clinically Documented Cases of Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

Importance: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a multifactorial disease with genetic and environmental factors contributing to risk. Histopathologic changes underlying AMD are not fully understood, particularly the relationship between choriocapillaris (CC) dysfunction and phenotypic variability of this disease.

Objective: To examine histopathologic changes in the CC of eyes with clinically documented AMD.

Response to AREDS supplements according to genetic factors: survival analysis approach using the eye as the unit of analysis.

Background/aims: The Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) reported the beneficial impact of antioxidant and zinc supplements on the risk of progression to advanced stages of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). We evaluated the role of genetic variants in modifying the relationship between supplementation and progression to advanced AMD.

Methods: Among 4124 eyes (2317 subjects with a genetic specimen), 882 progressed from no AMD, early or intermediate AMD to overall advanced disease, including geographic atrophy (GA) and neovascular disease (NV) over the course of the clinical trial.

Dietary folate, B vitamins, genetic susceptibility and progression to advanced nonexudative age-related macular degeneration with geographic atrophy: a prospective cohort study.

Background: There is growing evidence of the importance of nutrition in age-related macular degeneration (AMD), but few studies have explored associations with folate and B vitamins. No effective therapeutic strategy for geographic atrophy (GA) is available, and prevention could be of great value.

Objective: We investigated associations between dietary folate, B vitamins, and progression to GA and whether these associations might be modified by genetic susceptibility.

Adherence to a Mediterranean diet, genetic susceptibility, and progression to advanced macular degeneration: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Adherence to a Mediterranean-type diet is linked to a lower risk of mortality and chronic disease, but the association with the progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and genetic susceptibility is unknown.

Objective: We examined the association of adherence to the Mediterranean diet and genetic susceptibility with progression to advanced AMD.

Design: Among 2525 subjects in the AREDS (Age-Related Eye Disease Study), 1028 eyes progressed to advanced AMD over 13 y.

Risk Prediction for Progression of Macular Degeneration: 10 Common and Rare Genetic Variants, Demographic, Environmental, and Macular Covariates.

Purpose: To determine the association between genetic variants and transition to advanced age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and to develop a predictive model and online application to assist in clinical decision making.

Methods: Among 2951 subjects in the Age-Related Eye Disease Study, 834 progressed from no AMD, early AMD, or intermediate AMD to advanced disease. Survival analysis was used to assess which genetic, demographic, environmental, and macular covariates were independently associated with progression.