Time perception reflects individual differences in motor and non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease.

Decreasing dopaminergic function is at the core of Parkinson's disease (PD) motor symptoms and changes in dopaminergic action are associated with many comorbid non-motor symptoms in PD. Notably, dopaminergic signaling in the striatum has been shown to play a critical role in the perception of time. We hypothesize that patients with PD perceive time differently and in accordance with their specific comorbid non-motor symptoms and clinical state.

Valence-partitioned learning signals drive choice behavior and phenomenal subjective experience in humans.

How the human brain generates conscious phenomenal experience is a fundamental problem. In particular, it is unknown how variable and dynamic changes in subjective affect are driven by interactions with objective phenomena. We hypothesize a neurocomputational mechanism that generates valence-specific learning signals associated with 'what it is like' to be rewarded or punished.

Time perception reflects individual differences in motor and non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease.

Unlabelled: Dopaminergic signaling in the striatum has been shown to play a critical role in the perception of time. Decreasing striatal dopamine efficacy is at the core of Parkinson's disease (PD) motor symptoms and changes in dopaminergic action have been associated with many comorbid non-motor symptoms in PD. We hypothesize that patients with PD perceive time differently and in accordance with their specific comorbid non-motor symptoms and clinical state.

Regulation of by IRE1 prevents the accumulation of Huntingtin protein aggregates.

Huntington's disease is characterized by accumulation of the aggregation-prone mutant Huntingtin (mHTT) protein. Here, we show that expression of exon 1 of mHTT in mouse cultured cells activates IRE1, the transmembrane sensor of stress in the endoplasmic reticulum, leading to degradation of the mRNA and repositioning of lysosomes and late endosomes toward the microtubule organizing center. Overriding degradation results in excessive accumulation of mHTT aggregates in both cultured cells and primary neurons.

Optimization of percutaneous biopsy for diagnosis and pretreatment risk assessment of neuroblastoma.

Background: Image-guided percutaneous core needle biopsy (PCNB) is increasingly utilized to diagnose solid tumors. The objective of this study is to determine whether PCNB is adequate for modern biologic characterization of neuroblastoma.

Procedure: A multi-institutional retrospective study was performed by the Pediatric Surgical Oncology Research Collaborative on children with neuroblastoma at 12 institutions over a 3-year period.

Central venous catheter salvage in children with Staphylococcus aureus central line-associated bloodstream infection.

Background: Prompt central venous catheter (CVC) removal is currently recommended in children with Staphylococcus aureus central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI). Our objective was to examine the outcome of attempted line salvage in children with S. aureus CLABSI and assess predictors of success.

What's Important to the Patient? Informational Needs of Patients Making Decisions About Hepatitis C Treatment.

Background And Objectives: Multiple treatment options with direct-acting antivirals are now available for hepatitis C virus (HCV). Study aims were to understand (1) the informational topics patients want to have to make informed treatment decisions; (2) the importance patients place on each topic; and (3) the topics patients prioritize as most important.

Methods: We used a mixed-methods study of two samples recruited from an academic liver center.

Interactive Effects of Anxiety Sensitivity and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation: An Examination among Individuals in Residential Substance Use Treatment with Comorbid Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.

Individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) exhibit deficits in cognitive and emotional processes. PTSD severity is positively associated with anxiety sensitivity (AS) and difficulties in emotion regulation, and difficulties in emotion regulation mediate the relation between AS and PTSD. However, previous research has not examined the interactive nature of these variables.

Stability and change in multi-method measures of impulsivity across residential addictions treatment.

Introduction: Although the relations between constructs related to impulsivity and substance use disorders (SUDs) are well established, recent research suggests that changes in impulsivity may be an important mechanism in the recovery process. However, this evidence is primarily based on studies that have examined the relation between changes in impulsivity and substance involvement across the span of several years using self-report measures; thus, it is unclear if these changes are linked across shorter time intervals or extend to behavioral methods of assessment.

Methods: Using prospective data from 43 participants (mean age=35.

Development and validation of the opioid prescription medication motives questionnaire: a four-factor model of reasons for use.

There is considerable evidence that understanding reasons for using substances is important for understanding patterns of use and related consequences as well as for developing assessment and intervention strategies. Despite increases in prescription opioid use and related problems (e.g.

Borderline personality disorder features and risk for prescription opioid use disorders.

Although there is evidence for high comorbidity between borderline personality disorder (BPD) and substance use disorders, particularly alcohol use, more research is needed on the associations between BPD and prescription opioid use because of the increasing national problem of prescription opioid misuse. The purpose of the present study was to examine relationships between BPD features and prescription opioid use, risk for misuse, consequences, and dependence features, and to determine which aspects of BPD account for these associations. As predicted, BPD features were associated with greater quantity and frequency of opioid use, risk for pain medication misuse, consequences, and dependence features.

Psychometric properties of the Affect Intensity and Reactivity Measure adapted for Youth (AIR-Y).

A valid and reliable instrument for measuring affect intensity does not exist for adolescents; such a measure may help to refine understanding of emotion among youths. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the psychometric properties and clinical relevance of a measure of affect intensity adapted for youths. Two hundred five community adolescents and 179 adolescents from a residential treatment program were recruited; both samples completed self-report questionnaires, and the community-based sample participated in positive and negative mood-eliciting laboratory tasks.

Environmental estrogens suppress hormones, behavior, and reproductive fitness in male fathead minnows.

This study explored the possibility that environmental estrogens in sewage effluent may reduce the reproductive fitness of adult male fish by suppressing their reproductive behaviors, including their ability to compete for nests and females. Male fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) were exposed for three weeks to either blank control, effluent released by a sewage treatment plant (STPE), waterborne estradiol (E2), or a synthetic androgen (methyltestosterone [MT]). Afterward, fish were placed with females and a nest, and their behavior was monitored for 5 d in either the presence or the absence of a competing (unexposed control) male.