Lower Cardiac Output Relates to Longitudinal Cognitive Decline in Aging Adults.

Background: Subclinical reductions in cardiac output correspond to lower cerebral blood flow (CBF), placing the brain at risk for functional changes.

Objectives: This study aims to establish the consequences of reduced cardiac output on longitudinal cognitive outcomes in aging adults.

Methods: Vanderbilt Memory and Aging Project participants free of clinical dementia and heart failure ( = 306, 73 ± 7, 58% male) underwent baseline echocardiography to assess cardiac output (L/min) and longitudinal neuropsychological assessment at baseline, 18 months, 3 and 5 years.

MYC regulates the antitumor immune response through CD47 and PD-L1.

The MYC oncogene codes for a transcription factor that is overexpressed in many human cancers. Here we show that MYC regulates the expression of two immune checkpoint proteins on the tumor cell surface: the innate immune regulator CD47 (cluster of differentiation 47) and the adaptive immune checkpoint PD-L1 (programmed death-ligand 1). Suppression of MYC in mouse tumors and human tumor cells caused a reduction in the levels of CD47 and PD-L1 messenger RNA and protein.