Changes in the incidence and prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus between 1990 and 2020: an observational study using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD).

Objective: To obtain updated estimates on the incidence and prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in the UK, over the period 1990-2020, using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD).

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study using the CPRD covering the period 1990-2020. A case ascertainment algorithm was developed in line with best practice recommendations for observational research.

Risk of Osteoarthritis in an Incident Cohort of People With Psoriatic Arthritis: A Population-based Cohort Study.

Objective: To determine the risk of a diagnosis of osteoarthritis (OA) in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) compared to patients with psoriasis and a general population cohort.

Methods: Incident PsA patients aged 18-89 years at diagnosis were identified from the United Kingdom Clinical Practice Research Datalink between 1998 and 2014. All patients with PsA were matched to 2 cohorts of patients, both at a 1:4 ratio.

Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitor Monotherapy Versus Combination Therapy for the Treatment of Psoriatic Arthritis: Combined Analysis of European Biologics Databases.

Objective: To investigate whether tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) combination therapy with conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (csDMARD) is more effective for psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and/or improves TNFi drug survival compared to TNFi monotherapy.

Methods: Five PsA biologics cohorts were investigated between 2000 and 2015: the ATTRA registry (Czech Republic); the Swiss Clinical Quality Management PsA registry; the Hellenic Registry of Biologics Therapies (Greece); the University of Bari PsA biologics database (Italy); and the Bath PsA cohort (UK). Drug persistence was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier and equality of survival using log-rank tests.

Prescription of antiepileptic medicines including valproate in pregnant women: A study in three European countries.

Purpose: To study patterns of antiepileptic drugs (AED) prescribing, particularly valproate, during pregnancy over a 10-year period in the UK, Italy, and France.

Methods: Data on pregnancies conceived after 1 January 2007 with outcomes before 31 December 2016 were extracted from four European electronic health care databases (380 499 in the United Kingdom (UK), 66 681 in France, and 649 918 in Italy [355 767 in Emilia Romagna and 294 151 in Tuscany]). Prevalence of AEDs with an ATC code starting N03A and clobazam (N05BA09) were stratified by country and calendar year.

Did advice on the prescription of sodium valproate reduce prescriptions to women? An observational study in three European countries between 2007 and 2016.

Objectives: In November 2014, the CMDh (a regulatory body representing EU Member States) advised doctors not to prescribe sodium valproate for epilepsy or bipolar disorder in preg nant women, in women who can become pregnant, or in girls unless other treatments are ineffective or not tolerated. This study aimed to determine if this warning led to changes in prescription patterns.

Design And Setting: Cohort of 5.

Risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in an incident cohort of people with psoriatic arthritis: a population-based cohort study.

Objectives: To determine the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular diseases in PsA patients compared with the general population and patients with psoriasis.

Methods: Incident PsA patients aged 18-89 years were identified in the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink between 1998 and 2014 and were matched (1:4 ratio) to a general population cohort and psoriasis cohort. The incidence of T2D, cerebrovascular disease, ischaemic heart disease and peripheral vascular disease (PVD) was calculated for each study cohort.

Risk of uveitis and inflammatory bowel disease in people with psoriatic arthritis: a population-based cohort study.

Objectives: To determine the risk of uveitis and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) compared with the general population and patients with psoriasis.

Methods: A cohort study using data from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink between 1998 and 2014. Patients with incident PsA aged 18-89 years were identified and matched to a cohort of patients with psoriasis and a general population cohort.

Interval between onset of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis comparing the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink with a hospital-based cohort.

Objectives: To describe the time interval between the onset of psoriasis and PsA in the UK primary care setting and compare with a large, well-classified secondary care cohort.

Methods: Patients with PsA and/or psoriasis were identified in the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD). The secondary care cohort comprised patients from the Bath PsA longitudinal observational cohort study.

Statins during pregnancy: a cohort study using the General Practice Research Database to investigate pregnancy loss.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine if there are any differences between the types of pregnancy loss experienced by women who have been prescribed a statin just before or early in pregnancy compared with those who have not.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study using the General Practice Research Database was carried out. Women aged 10-49 years at pregnancy start who received a prescription for a statin in the 3 months before and/or during the first trimester of pregnancy were matched to up to 10 pregnancies on age at start date, diabetes and hypertension status before pregnancy.

Prescribing of Antidiabetic Medicines before, during and after Pregnancy: A Study in Seven European Regions.

Aim: To explore antidiabetic medicine prescribing to women before, during and after pregnancy in different regions of Europe.

Methods: A common protocol was implemented across seven databases in Denmark, Norway, The Netherlands, Italy (Emilia Romagna/Tuscany), Wales and the rest of the UK. Women with a pregnancy starting and ending between 2004 and 2010, (Denmark, 2004-2009; Norway, 2005-2010; Emilia Romagna, 2008-2010), which ended in a live or stillbirth, were identified.

Asthma medication prescribing before, during and after pregnancy: a study in seven European regions.

Objectives: To explore utilisation patterns of asthma medication before, during and after pregnancy as recorded in seven European population-based databases.

Design: A descriptive drug utilisation study.

Setting: 7 electronic healthcare databases in Denmark, Norway, the Netherlands, Italy (Emilia Romagna and Tuscany), Wales, and the Clinical Practice Research Datalink representing the rest of the UK.

Antiepileptic drug prescribing before, during and after pregnancy: a study in seven European regions.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore antiepileptic drug (AED) prescribing before, during and after pregnancy as recorded in seven population-based electronic healthcare databases.

Methods: Databases in Denmark, Norway, the Netherlands, Italy (Emilia Romagna/Tuscany), Wales and the Clinical Practice Research Datalink, representing the rest of the UK, were accessed for the study. Women with a pregnancy starting and ending between 2004 and 2010, which ended in a delivery, were identified.

The incidence of childhood and adolescent seizures in the UK from 1999 to 2011: A retrospective cohort study using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink.

Background: In postmarketing vaccine surveillance, adverse events observed in a vaccinated population are compared to the number expected based on a background incidence rate. The background rate should be accurate and obtained from a population comparable to the one vaccinated. Such rates are often not available.

Safety of Fluticasone Propionate Prescribed for Asthma During Pregnancy: A UK Population-Based Cohort Study.

Background: Asthma is commonly treated during pregnancy, yet data on the safety of asthma medicines used during pregnancy are sparse.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety of the inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) fluticasone propionate (FP), alone and in fixed-dose combination with salmeterol (FSC) in terms of the risk of all major congenital malformations (MCMs), compared with all other non-FP ICS.

Methods: Women with asthma who had a pregnancy between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2010, were identified in the United Kingdom's Clinical Practice Research Datalink.

Beginning and duration of pregnancy in automated health care databases: review of estimation methods and validation results.

Purpose: To describe methods reported in the literature to estimate the beginning or duration of pregnancy in automated health care data, and to present results of validation exercises where available.

Methods: Papers reporting methods for determining the beginning or duration of pregnancy were identified based on Pubmed searches, by consulting investigators with expertise in the field and by reviewing conference abstracts and reference lists of relevant papers. From each paper or abstract, we extracted information to characterize the study population, data sources, and estimation algorithm.

The Clinical Practice Research Datalink for drug safety in pregnancy research: an overview.

Medicine use during pregnancy is common; however the safety of medicine use during pregnancy is largely unknown when a medicine comes to market. Electronic healthcare databases, including the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD), are increasingly being used for post-marketing surveillance in this field. The CPRD contains anonymised, longitudinal medical records routinely collected in primary care.

Healthcare databases in Europe for studying medicine use and safety during pregnancy.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to describe a number of electronic healthcare databases in Europe in terms of the population covered, the source of the data captured and the availability of data on key variables required for evaluating medicine use and medicine safety during pregnancy.

Methods: A sample of electronic healthcare databases that captured pregnancies and prescription data was selected on the basis of contacts within the EUROCAT network. For each participating database, a database inventory was completed.

Colorectal cancer risk reduction following macrogol exposure: a cohort and nested case control study in the UK.

Background And Aims: Animal studies have demonstrated macrogol laxatives may reduce colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. This study aimed to investigate the association between macrogol prescribing and CRC risk.

Methods: A case-control study nested within a cohort of laxative users was conducted using data from the UK General Practice Research Database.

Asthma management in pregnancy.

Background: Asthma is common during pregnancy, however research is limited regarding the extent and timing of changes in asthma management associated with pregnancy.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of asthma during pregnancy and identify changes in treatment and asthma exacerbation rates associated with pregnancy, while controlling for seasonal influences.

Methods: Pregnant women with asthma were identified from the UK General Practice Research Database between 2000 and 2008.

Colorectal cancer incidence on the General Practice Research Database.

PURPOSE: The General Practice Research Database (GPRD) contains longitudinal patient medical records collected within UK primary care. This study aimed to identify incident cases of colorectal cancer on the GPRD and to compare incidence rates for 2007 with those reported by the UK cancer registries. METHODS: Algorithms were created to identify incident cases of colorectal cancer on the GPRD and cases were required to have additional medical codes to support the diagnosis.

Comparing the General Practice Research Database and the UK Epilepsy and Pregnancy Register as tools for postmarketing teratogen surveillance: anticonvulsants and the risk of major congenital malformations.

Background: Use of pregnancy registries is a common method of postmarketing surveillance of pregnancy outcomes to identify potential teratogens. However, with the increase in electronic capture of healthcare data for administrative, audit and research purposes, data generated during routine clinical practice might be used to address questions similar to those explored using pregnancy registries.

Objectives: To establish how data from the UK General Practice Research Database (GPRD) compares with data from the UK Epilepsy and Pregnancy Register and to assess how it can contribute to postmarketing surveillance of pregnancy outcomes.

Identifying major congenital malformations in the UK General Practice Research Database (GPRD): a study reporting on the sensitivity and added value of photocopied medical records and free text in the GPRD.

Background: Postmarketing teratogen surveillance is essential and requires a data source that can reliably capture a wide range of congenital malformations. The UK General Practice Research Database (GPRD) may have the potential to be used for this kind of surveillance.

Objective: To assess the extent to which this database can be used to accurately identify major congenital malformations.

Data resources for investigating drug exposure during pregnancy and associated outcomes: the General Practice Research Database (GPRD) as an alternative to pregnancy registries.

Pregnancy registries are the most commonly used data resource for the post-marketing surveillance of drug teratogenicity. However, the limited sample size and potential selection bias in these registries has led us to investigate the potential of the UK General Practice Research Database (GPRD) as an alternative data source for monitoring drug safety during pregnancy. In addition, a literature review identified further observational data sources that monitor pregnancy outcomes for future evaluation.