Neurophysiological and other features of working memory in older adults at risk for dementia.

Unlabelled: Theta-gamma coupling (TGC) is a neurophysiological process that supports working memory. Working memory is associated with other clinical and biological features. The extent to which TGC is associated with these other features and whether it contributes to working memory beyond these features is unknown.

Toll pathway is required for wound-induced expression of barrier repair genes in the epidermis.

The epidermis serves as a protective barrier in animals. After epidermal injury, barrier repair requires activation of many wound response genes in epidermal cells surrounding wound sites. Two such genes in encode the enzymes dopa decarboxylase () and tyrosine hydroxylase ().

Microinjection wound assay and in vivo localization of epidermal wound response reporters in Drosophila embryos.

The Drosophila embryo develops a robust epidermal layer that serves both to protect the internal cells from a harsh external environment as well as to maintain cellular homeostasis. Puncture injury with glass needles provides a direct method to trigger a rapid epidermal wound response that activates wound transcriptional reporters, which can be visualized by a localized reporter signal in living embryos or larvae. Puncture or laser injury also provides signals that promote the recruitment of hemocytes to the wound site.

Serine proteolytic pathway activation reveals an expanded ensemble of wound response genes in Drosophila.

After injury to the animal epidermis, a variety of genes are transcriptionally activated in nearby cells to regenerate the missing cells and facilitate barrier repair. The range and types of diffusible wound signals that are produced by damaged epidermis and function to activate repair genes during epidermal regeneration remains a subject of very active study in many animals. In Drosophila embryos, we have discovered that serine protease function is locally activated around wound sites, and is also required for localized activation of epidermal repair genes.

Use and efficacy of nebulized naloxone in patients with suspected opioid intoxication.

Objective: To describe the use and efficacy of nebulized naloxone in patients with suspected opioid intoxication.

Methods: This was an observational study conducted at an inner city emergency department. Patients were eligible if they had self-reported or suspected opioid intoxication and a spontaneous respiratory rate ≥6 breaths/minute.

MT2-MMP expression during early avian morphogenesis.

Membrane-type 2 matrix metalloproteinase (MT2-MMP; also called MMP15) is a membrane-bound protease that degrades extracellular matrix and activates proMMPs such as proMMP-2. MMP-2 expression in avian embryos is well documented, but it is not clear how proMMP-2 is activated during avian embryogenesis. Herein, we report that MT2-MMP mRNA is expressed in several tissues including the neural folds and epidermal ectoderm, intermediate mesoderm, pharyngeal arches, limb buds, and dermis.

Duox, Flotillin-2, and Src42A are required to activate or delimit the spread of the transcriptional response to epidermal wounds in Drosophila.

The epidermis is the largest organ of the body for most animals, and the first line of defense against invading pathogens. A breach in the epidermal cell layer triggers a variety of localized responses that in favorable circumstances result in the repair of the wound. Many cellular and genetic responses must be limited to epidermal cells that are close to wounds, but how this is regulated is still poorly understood.

Necrotizing fasciitis in a woman with a diabetic foot infection and peripheral neuropathy.

We report the case of a 62-year-old African American woman with poorly controlled diabetes who presented with the complaint of not being able to remove her stockings from her left foot. The patient had long-standing peripheral neuropathy from diabetes. Her physical examination in the emergency department was challenging because of extensive infection in her left lower extremity.