Secreted peptidases contribute to virulence of fish pathogen .

causes columnaris disease in freshwater fish in both natural and aquaculture settings. This disease is often lethal, especially when fish population density is high, and control options such as vaccines are limited. The type IX secretion system (T9SS) is required for virulence, but secreted virulence factors have not been fully identified.

ferric iron uptake systems are required for virulence.

, which causes columnaris disease, is one of the costliest pathogens in the freshwater fish-farming industry. The virulence mechanisms of are not well understood and current methods to control columnaris outbreaks are inadequate. Iron is an essential nutrient needed for metabolic processes and is often required for bacterial virulence.

Siderophores Produced by the Fish Pathogen Flavobacterium columnare Strain MS-FC-4 Are Not Essential for Its Virulence.

Flavobacterium columnare causes columnaris disease in wild and aquaculture-reared freshwater fish. F. columnare virulence mechanisms are not well understood, and current methods to control columnaris disease are inadequate.

Type IX Secretion System Effectors and Virulence of the Model Flavobacterium columnare Strain MS-FC-4.

Flavobacterium columnare causes columnaris disease in wild and cultured freshwater fish and is a major problem for sustainable aquaculture worldwide. The F. columnare type IX secretion system (T9SS) secretes many proteins and is required for virulence.

Cooperation between Different CRISPR-Cas Types Enables Adaptation in an RNA-Targeting System.

CRISPR-Cas immune systems adapt to new threats by acquiring new spacers from invading nucleic acids such as phage genomes. However, some CRISPR-Cas loci lack genes necessary for spacer acquisition despite variation in spacer content between microbial strains. It has been suggested that such loci may use acquisition machinery from cooccurring CRISPR-Cas systems within the same strain.

The Type IX Secretion System Is Required for Virulence of the Fish Pathogen Flavobacterium columnare.

, a member of the phylum , causes columnaris disease in wild and aquaculture-reared freshwater fish. The mechanisms responsible for columnaris disease are not known. Many members of the phylum use type IX secretion systems (T9SSs) to secrete enzymes, adhesins, and proteins involved in gliding motility.