Symbiotic integration of bioprocesses to design a self-sustainable life supporting ecosystem in a circular economy framework.

Climate change, resource depletion and unsustainable crop productivity are major challenges that mankind is currently facing. Natural ecosystems of earth's biosphere are becoming vulnerable and there is a need to design Bioregenerative Life Support Systems (BLSS) which are ecologically engineered microcosms that could effectively deal with problems associated with urbanization and industrialization in a sustainable manner. The principles of BLSS could be integrated with waste fed biorefineries and solar energy to create a self-sustainable bioregenerative ecosystem (SSBE).

Obscure yet Promising Oleaginous Yeasts for Fuel and Chemical Production.

The rapid depletion of petroleum-based fossil fuels has led to the development of alternative fuel and energy solutions from renewable resources. Lipid-derived oleochemicals and sugar-derived bioethanol were initially produced from plant feedstocks, but in the interest of agricultural land conservation and food security, the focus has now shifted toward so-called 'third-generation feedstocks', of which yeasts are a major component. The quest to identify economically lucrative bioprocesses has led to the identification of several nonconventional oleaginous yeast species that have certain advantages over existing model species.

Non-lethal nitrate supplementation enhances photosystem II efficiency in mixotrophic microalgae towards the synthesis of proteins and lipids.

The current study is aimed at understanding the effect of two different concentrations of nitrate (NaNO) i.e., 2.

Mitigation of drought-induced oxidative damage by enhanced carbon assimilation and an efficient antioxidative metabolism under high CO environment in pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.).

In the current study, pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.), a promising legume food crop was assessed for its photosynthetic physiology, antioxidative system as well as C and N metabolism under elevated CO and combined drought stress (DS). Pigeonpea was grown in open top chambers under elevated CO (600 µmol mol) and ambient CO (390 ± 20 µmol mol) concentrations, later subjected to DS by complete water withholding.

Molecular insights into photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism in Jatropha curcas grown under elevated CO using transcriptome sequencing and assembly.

Jatropha curcas L. (Family - Euphorbiaceae) is a perennial tree of special interest due to its potential as a biofuel plant with high carbon sequestration. In this study, physiological investigations coupled with transcriptomics in relation to photosynthesis were evaluated in Jatropha grown under ambient (395 ppm) and elevated (550 ppm) CO atmosphere.

A novel aldo-keto reductase from Jatropha curcas L. (JcAKR) plays a crucial role in the detoxification of methylglyoxal, a potent electrophile.

Abiotic stress leads to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which further results in the production of reactive carbonyls (RCs) including methylglyoxal (MG). MG, an α, β-dicarbonyl aldehyde, is highly toxic to plants and the mechanism behind its detoxification is not well understood. Aldo-keto reductases (AKRs) play a role in detoxification of reactive aldehydes and ketones.

Differential responses in photosynthesis, growth and biomass yields in two mulberry genotypes grown under elevated CO2 atmosphere.

This study was aimed to examine the responses of two mulberry genotypes (Morus alba L.), which include a drought tolerant (DT) Selection-13 (S13) and a drought susceptible (DS) Kanva-2 (K2) grown under elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]) of 550 μmol mol(-1). Although both genotypes exhibited positive responses to elevated CO2, S13 showed higher light saturated photosynthetic rates (A') and apparent quantum efficiency (AQE), suggesting better Rubisco carboxylation.

Delayed flowering is associated with lack of photosynthetic acclimation in Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L.) grown under elevated CO₂.

In the present study, we investigated the likely consequences of future atmospheric CO2 concentrations [CO2] on growth, physiology and reproductive phenology of Pigeonpea. A short duration Pigeonpea cultivar (ICPL 15011) was grown without N fertilizer from emergence to final harvest in CO2 enriched atmosphere (open top chambers; 550μmolmol(-1)) for two seasons. CO2 enrichment improved both net photosynthetic rates (Asat) and foliar carbohydrate content by 36 and 43%, respectively, which further reflected in dry biomass after harvest, showing an increment of 29% over the control plants.

Persistent stimulation of photosynthesis in short rotation coppice mulberry under elevated CO2 atmosphere.

Current study was undertaken to elucidate the responses of short rotation coppice (SRC) mulberry under elevated CO2 atmosphere (550μmolmol(-1)). Throughout the experimental period, elevated CO2 grown mulberry plants showed significant increase in light saturated photosynthetic rates (A') by increasing intercellular CO2 concentrations (Ci) despite reduced stomatal conductance (gs). Reduced gs was linked to decrease in transpiration (E) resulting in improved water use efficiency (WUE).