World professional association for transgender health guidelines: 2022 surgical treatment updates in the standards of care for transgender and gender diverse people.

Introduction: The World Professional Association for Transgender Health has recently updated its Standards of Care (SOC) clinical guidelines for the transgender and gender diverse (TGD) population. This article aims to outline the 2012 SOC for surgical management of TGD people and describe the changes to the surgical management guidelines in this year's update.

Methods And Results: The surgical management guidelines between the 7th and 8th SOC were compared and contrasted.

A case report of prepubescent idiopathic gigantomastia with pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia.

Introduction: This is an interesting case of a prepubescent female diagnosed and treated for gigantomastia, of unknown cause.

Presentation Of Case: Gigantomastia treated with surgical intervention with the final pathology being that of Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia.

Discussion: Hormonal manipulation, as a treatment, was considered before surgical intervention.

The Endocannabinoid System and Invertebrate Neurodevelopment and Regeneration.

Cannabis has long been used for its medicinal and psychoactive properties. With the relatively new adoption of formal medicinal cannabis regulations worldwide, the study of cannabinoids, both endogenous and exogenous, has similarly flourished in more recent decades. In particular, research investigating the role of cannabinoids in regeneration and neurodevelopment has yielded promising results in vertebrate models.

Isotope concentrations from 24-h urine and 3-h serum samples can be used to measure intestinal magnesium absorption in postmenopausal women.

Studies suggest a link between magnesium status and osteoporosis. One barrier to more conclusive research on the potential relation is measuring intestinal magnesium absorption (MgA), which requires the use of stable isotopes and a ≥6-d stool or 3-d urine collection. We evaluated alternative methods of measuring MgA.

Lapatinib inhibits stem/progenitor proliferation in preclinical in vitro models of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS).

Breast-conserving surgery for ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is often combined with irradiation, reducing recurrence rates to 20% within 10 years; however, there is no change in overall survival. Evidence in the invasive breast indicates that breast cancer stem cells (CSCs) are radiotherapy-resistant and are capable of re-initiating a tumor recurrence; hence, targeting CSCs in high risk DCIS patient may improve survival. HER2 is overexpressed in 20% of DCIS and is known to be highly active in breast CSCs; we therefore investigated the effect of Lapatinib on DCIS CSC activity using 2 in vitro culture systems.

Can a questionnaire predict vitamin D status in postmenopausal women?

Objective: Our objective was to determine whether a questionnaire can identify individuals with vitamin D insufficiency (VDI).

Design: Women completed the Vitamin D & Sun (VIDSUN) questionnaire and we measured their serum 25-hydrocyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels. We assessed the sensitivity and specificity of the questionnaire to identify VDI (25(OH)D level <50 nmol/l).