HMGA2 Expression Predicts Subtype, Survival, and Treatment Outcome in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.

Purpose: To establish HMGA2 as a marker of basal-like disease in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and explore its use as a biomarker for prognosis and treatment resistance.

Experimental Design: We identified high expression of HMGA2 in basal PDAC cells in a scRNAseq Atlas of 172 patient samples. We then analyzed HMGA2 expression, along with expression of the classical marker GATA6, in a cohort of 580 PDAC samples with multiplex immunohistochemistry.

Multidisciplinary Standards and Evolving Therapies for Patients With Pancreatic Cancer.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is a challenging disease that presents at an advanced stage and results in many symptoms that negatively influence patients' quality of life and reduce their ability to receive effective treatment. Early implementation of expert multidisciplinary care with nutritional support, exercise, and palliative care for both early-stage and advanced disease promises to maintain or improve the patients' physical, social, and psychological well-being, decrease aggressive interventions at the end of life, and ultimately improve survival. Moreover, advances in treatment strategies in the neoadjuvant and metastatic setting combined with novel therapeutic agents targeting the key drivers of the disease are leading to improvements in the care of patients with pancreatic cancer.

The role of molecular testing in pancreatic cancer.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is highly aggressive and has few treatment options. To personalize therapy, it is critical to delineate molecular subtypes and understand inter- and intra-tumoral heterogeneity. Germline testing for hereditary genetic abnormalities is recommended for all patients with PDA and somatic molecular testing is recommended for all patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease.

Management of pouch neoplasia: consensus guidelines from the International Ileal Pouch Consortium.

Surveillance pouchoscopy is recommended for patients with restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis in ulcerative colitis or familial adenomatous polyposis, with the surveillance interval depending on the risk of neoplasia. Neoplasia in patients with ileal pouches mainly have a glandular source and less often are of squamous cell origin. Various grades of neoplasia can occur in the prepouch ileum, pouch body, rectal cuff, anal transition zone, anus, or perianal skin.

BRCA Mutations in Pancreas Cancer: Spectrum, Current Management, Challenges and Future Prospects.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a challenging disease to treat. Despite advances in surgical techniques, radiation, and medical therapies, the 5-year survival rate remains below 9%. Over the past decade, the genomic landscape of PDAC has been well studied and mutations have emerged as a target for the development of more effective therapies.

Anti-EGFR Therapy in Small Bowel Adenocarcinoma.

Small bowel adenocarcinoma is a rare disease occurring 50–100‐fold less often than colorectal cancer. This commentary describes similarities and differences between the two diseases and related results of recent clinical trials.

Global Level of Plasma DNA Methylation is Associated with Overall Survival in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Background: The impact of folate deficiency on global DNA methylation is uncertain. It also is unclear whether global DNA methylation is associated with outcome in HCC. LINE-1 methylation levels, as a surrogate marker of global methylation, may be influenced by folate deficiency.

Optimizing current and emerging therapies in multiple myeloma: a guide for the hematologist.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematologic malignancy. The diagnosis of MM requires ⩾10% clonal plasma cells in the bone marrow or biopsy-proven plasmacytoma, plus evidence of end-organ damage (hypercalcemia, renal failure, anemia, and lytic bone lesions). The definition of MM has recently been expanded to include a ⩾60% clonal plasma cell burden in the bone marrow, serum involved/uninvolved light chain ratio of ⩾100, or more than one focal lesion on magnetic resonance imaging ⩾5 mm in the absence of end-organ damage.

Immunomodulatory Drugs (IMiDs) in Multiple Myeloma.

Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological cancer caused by a proliferation of clonal plasma cells, leading to anemia, renal failure, hypercalcemia and destructive bone lesions resulting in significant morbidity. The overall survival has significantly improved with the incorporation of immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) and proteasome inhibitors (PI).

Objective: Here we provide a comprehensive review on IMiDs including molecular mechanisms, recent advances in therapeutic applications and management of toxicities in the treatment of MM.

Loss of p27KIP1 expression in fully-staged node-negative breast cancer: association with lack of hormone receptors in T1a/b, but not T1c infiltrative ductal carcinoma.

Unlabelled: Nuclear expression of the cell cycle inhibitor p27(KIP1) is reduced in a variety of human malignancies, including breast cancer. Loss of nuclear p27(KIP1) during tumor progression, documented by immunohistochemistry (IHC), has been studied for its potential prognostic implication. We examined by IHC the association between nuclear p27(KIP1) expression and hormone receptor status in T1N0M0 breast cancer.