A longitudinal study of mother-infant objective and reported sleep in solo-mother and two-parent families.

This longitudinal study examined the development of mother-infant objective and reported sleep quality and duration in solo-mother families (i.e., mothers who decided to parent alone) in comparison to two-parent families.

To deliberate or not? The role of intuition and deliberation when controlling for irrelevant information in selection decisions.

In selection decisions, decision makers often struggle to ignore irrelevant information, such as candidates' age, gender and attractiveness, which can lead to suboptimal decisions. One way to correct the effects of these irrelevant attributes is to consider them as suppressor variables, and penalize individuals who unjustifiably benefit from them. Previous research demonstrated that people have difficulties doing so.

Achieving More With Less: Intuitive Correction in Selection.

Choosing between candidates for a position can be tricky, especially when the selection test is affected by irrelevant characteristics (e.g., reading speed).

Evolving role of MRI in optimizing the treatment of multiple sclerosis: Canadian Consensus recommendations.

Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is increasingly important for the early detection of suboptimal responders to disease-modifying therapy for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Treatment response criteria are becoming more stringent with the use of composite measures, such as no evidence of disease activity (NEDA), which combines clinical and radiological measures, and NEDA-4, which includes the evaluation of brain atrophy.

Methods: The Canadian MRI Working Group of neurologists and radiologists convened to discuss the use of brain and spinal cord imaging in the assessment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients during the treatment course.

Multiple pelvoureteric diverticulosis in a 1-month-old infant with a del(10p) chromosomal abnormality presenting with UTI and VUR.

A 1-month-old girl with a del(10p) chromosomal abnormality presented with a febrile urinary tract infection. Radiographic voiding cystourethrography demonstrated bilateral vesicoureteral reflux and multiple pelvoureteric diverticula ranging in size from 2 to 5 mm. Pandiverticulosis of the urinary tract in a child of this age has not been previously reported.

Medical management of phimosis in children: our experience with topical steroids.

Purpose: Circumcision has traditionally been regarded as primary therapy for persistent phimosis in boys. Recently groups in Europe and Australia have advocated the use of topical steroids as conservative treatment in children. We report our experience with this approach.

Placement of a bladder neck purse-string cuff for the management of incontinence in children with myelodysplasia.

Objectives: Numerous surgical procedures have been developed in an attempt to increase bladder compliance and/or outlet resistance for the treatment of intractable incontinence in children with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction. We report our experience with the development of a biocompatable purse-string cuff to increase outlet resistance by providing circumferential compression at the bladder neck.

Methods: A total of 12 children (6 boys, 6 girls) with myelodysplasia and persistent incontinence despite clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) and pharmacotherapy underwent urodynamic testing and cystoscopy that revealed neurogenic bladders with concomitant intrinsic sphincter deficiency.

Thyroid stimulating hormone response to thyrotropin in prepubertal depression.

In an effort to evaluate whether differences exist in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis of depressed children, a thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) stimulation test was administered to 55 prepubertal subjects who were divided into three groups matched for age and sex: a depressed group (endogenous N = 15, nonendogenous N = 15), a psychiatric nondepressed control group (N = 16), and a normal control group (N = 9). Each subject was tested at two dosages of TRH, 2 micrograms/kg and 7 micrograms/kg. Increasing age and female sex were positively correlated with a greater thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) response.

Hydronephrosis secondary to colonic intussusception.

We report on a two-month-old infant with bowel obstruction found to be secondary to a colonic intussusception (proved and reduced by barium enema). The finding of renal insufficiency prompted ultrasonographic renal evaluation uncovering a unilateral hydronephrosis. After resolution of the intussusception and hydration, the infant's renal functions normalized.

Experience with a modification of the Cloutier technique for hypospadias repair.

A modification of the Cloutier technique of hypospadias repair is described. The technique is applicable to all but the most minor degree of the anomaly. When free of complications the final result approximates a cosmetically and functionally normal penis.

Delayed spontaneous resolution of high grade vesicoureteral reflux after reimplantation.

Significant (grade III/V or greater, International Reflux Study) postoperative vesicoureteral reflux was noted in 4 children who underwent technically satisfactory ureteral reimplantation. All patients had moderate to severe preoperative ureteral dilatation necessitating ureteral tapering in 3 of the 8 ureters reimplanted. Reoperation was considered in all 4 children but a conservative approach was used, with subsequent spontaneous resolution of the reflux 19 to 55 months after reimplantation.

Bilateral ureteral meatal obstruction after ureteroneocystostomy.

Anuria due to complete obstruction at the level of the ureteral meatus was encountered after bilateral ureteral reimplantation. The cause was thought to be due, at least in part, to excessive length of distal ureter drawn into the submucosal tunnel. At reoperation, both ureteral meatus were found to be stenotic and to project intravesically.

Eosinophil-rich human polymorphonuclear leukocyte preparations characteristically release leukotriene C4 on ionophore A23187 challenge.

Blood samples were obtained from a group of 20 patients with hypereosinophilia (greater than or equal to 1500 eosinophils/mm3). The polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs) were prepared from blood treated with ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid by successive dextran sedimentation of the red blood cells, separation of mononuclear leukocytes and PMNLs on Ficoll-Paque, and ammonium chloride treatment of the PMNL fraction. The eosinophil content of the final PMNL preparations ranged from 15% to 75%, as assessed by Wright-stained smears, and the remaining leukocytes were predominantly neutrophils with only 3% to 5% mononuclear cells.

Metabolism of arachidonic acid via the lipoxygenase pathway in human and murine glomeruli.

Glomeruli isolated from murine and human renal cortex metabolize arachidonic acid to prostaglandins via the cyclooxygenase pathway but whether such glomeruli can also metabolize arachidonic acid via the lipoxygenase pathway is controversial. [1-14C]Arachidonic acid was incubated with glomeruli or glomerular fractions isolated from rat and human renal cortex. The products were extracted, purified by high performance liquid chromatography, and identified by comparison of their retention times with those of authentic hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE) standards and by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Effects of 15-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid on human lymphocyte sheep erythrocyte rosette formation and response to concanavalin A associated with HLA system.

The lipoxygenase product hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HPETE) has immunosuppressive properties in vitro and in vivo. It was observed that 15-HPETE inhibit the sheep red blood cell rosette formation and the concanavalin A-induced blast transformation of human lymphocytes. This inhibition was HLA-linked.

Metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids by mouse peritoneal macrophages: the lipoxygenase metabolic pathway.

When resident macrophages from mice are incubated with exogenous polyunsaturated fatty acids, they produce lipoxygenic metabolites. To delineate this metabolic chart we used high pressure liquid chromatography and gas chromatography prior to mass spectrometry-computer system. The lipoxygenic activity of these cells leads to many compounds.

[Inhibition of the lymphocyte response by metabolites released by the lipoxygenase of mouse macrophages].

Arachidonic acid can be transformed into a series of metabolites by the lipoxygenase enzyme activity of Mouse peritoneal macrophages. The resulting metabolites inhibit tritiated thymidine uptake by Mouse splenocytes stimulated by ConA or PHA. They suppress the development of killer cells.

Urologic abnormalities in Menkes' syndrome.

Menkes' syndrome, a rare sex-linked disorder of copper metabolism, has been found to be associated with a high incidence of urologic abnormalities. Bladder diverticula were present in 3 of 4 patients reviewed. Management of incomplete bladder emptying and consequent urinary tract infection is discussed.

Transformation of arachidonic acid into monohydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acids by mouse peritoneal macrophages.

Mouse peritoneal macrophages synthesize 6 monohydroxylated eicosatetraenoic acids when incubated with exogenous arachidonic acid. These compounds were identified by chromatographic techniques (high pressure liquid chromatography and high efficiency glass capillary column gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The chromatographic and spectrometric data are presented.

Renal operation in children via a posterior approach.

Since July 1979, 10 children have undergone various renal operations via a posterior approach. The operative and postoperative courses have been uneventful. Advantages over the flank and anterior transperitoneal approaches are discussed.

Repeat torsion of "fixed" testis.

Four cases of torsion of the spermatic cord are reported following previous fixation for the same condition. In all cases the initial fixation was by absorbable chronic catgut suture, and at the subsequent operation for repeat torsion the testes were found to be freely mobile. The use of nonabsorbable suture material (2-0 silk) is recommended for testis fixation in cases of torsion.