Ephaptic conduction in tonic-clonic seizures.

Objectives: Electroencephalograms (EEGs) or multi-unit activities (MUAs) of tonic-clonic seizures typically exhibit a distinct structure. After a preliminary phase (DC shift, spikes), the tonic phase is characterized by synchronized activity of numerous neurons, followed by the clonic phase, marked by a periodic sequence of spikes. However, the mechanisms underlying the transition from tonic to clonic phases remain poorly understood.

Prolonged unemployment is associated with control loss and personal as well as social disengagement.

Objective And Background: The need for control is a fundamental human motivation, that when deprived can lead to broad and substantial changes in human behavior. We aimed to assess the consequences of control deprivation in a real-life situation that poses a severe threat to personal control: a prolonged unemployment.

Method: Using a sample N = 1055 of unemployed (n = 748) versus working (n = 307) individuals, we examined predictions derived from two models of reactions to control deprivation: control-regaining and disengagement/withdrawal.

Eating pigs, not Peppa Pig: The effect of identifiability on children's propensity to humanize, befriend, and consume edible animals.

This research aimed to provide experimental evidence on whether identifying an edible animal by a name and specific preferences encourages children to perceive the animal as more similar to humans, increases their willingness to befriend the animal, and makes them less willing to consume it. In two pre-registered studies involving 208 preschool children, participants were presented with pictures of pigs (Study 1) and chickens (Study 2). In the identifiability condition, one animal was depicted with individual qualities such as a name and personal preferences, while in the non-identifiability condition, animals were portrayed with characteristics representative of the entire species.

Insights into the Dead Sea Transform Activity through the study of fracture-induced electromagnetic radiation (FEMR) signals before the Syrian-Turkey earthquake (M-6.3) on 20.2.2023.

Observations of fracture-induced electromagnetic radiation (FEMR) were conducted along the Dead Sea Transform (DST) from Sodom to Jericho, coinciding with a magnitude (M) 6.3 aftershock earthquake (EQ) in the Turkey-Syrian region on February 20, 2023. The FEMR parameters ("hits," Benioff strain release, frequency, rise-time, energy) and associated crack dimensions were analyzed, focusing on trends leading up to the EQ.

Tight coupling of cell width to nucleoid structure in Escherichia coli.

Cell dimensions of rod-shaped bacteria such as Escherichia coli are connected to mass growth and chromosome replication. During their interdivision cycle (τ min), cells enlarge by elongation only, but at faster growth in richer media, they are also wider. Changes in width W upon nutritional shift-up (shortening τ) occur during the division process.

Possible mechanism of schizophrenia origin by excess GABA and synaptic pruning.

Schizophrenia is a psychotic disorder that affects approximately 1% of the global population. However, the etiology of this illness remains a subject of debate. One of the proposed mechanisms underlying schizophrenia is the synaptic pruning mediated by microglia in the brains of individuals with schizophrenia, although the precise mechanisms of this process remain elusive.

Efficacy of combination therapy with GABA, a DPP-4i and a PPI as an adjunct to insulin therapy in patients with type 1 diabetes.

Introduction: The purpose of this retrospective clinic chart review study was to determine the potential of a combination therapy (CT) consisting of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP-4i), and a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) to improve glycemic control as an adjunct to insulin therapy in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Research Design And Methods: Nineteen patients with T1D on insulin therapy were treated with additional CT in oral form. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), HbA1c, insulin dose-adjusted HbA1c (IDA-A1c), daily insulin dose, insulin/weight ratio (IWR), and fasting plasma C-peptide were measured after 26-42 weeks of treatments.

A possible new cardiac heterogeneity as an arrhythmogenic driver.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the commonest cardiac arrhythmia, affecting 3 million people in the USA and 8 million in the EU (according to the European Society of Cardiology). So, why is it that even with the best medical care, around a third of the patients are treatment resistant. Extensive research of its etiology showed that AF and its mechanisms are still debatable.

Triple drug therapy with GABA, sitagliptin, and omeprazole prevents type 1 diabetes onset and promotes its reversal in non-obese diabetic mice.

Previous studies have reported that dual drug combinations consisting of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) together with a dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP-4i), also a DPP-4i with a proton pump inhibitor (PPI), could improve pancreatic β-cell function and ameliorate diabetes in diabetic mice. In this study, we sought to determine if a triple drug combination of GABA, a DPP-4i and a PPI might have superior therapeutic effects compared with double drug therapies in the prevention and reversal of diabetes in the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse model of human type 1 diabetes (T1D). In a diabetes prevention arm of the study, the triple drug combination of GABA, a DPP-4i, and a PPI exhibited superior therapeutic effects in preventing the onset of diabetes compared with all the double drug combinations and placebo.

Percolation and tortuosity in heart-like cells.

In the last several years, quite a few papers on the joint question of transport, tortuosity and percolation have appeared in the literature, dealing with passage of miscellaneous liquids or electrical currents in different media. However, these methods have not been applied to the passage of action potential in heart fibrosis (HF), which is crucial for problems of heart arrhythmia, especially of atrial tachycardia and fibrillation. In this work we address the HF problem from these aspects.

Origin of post-ictal and post-anesthesia adverse effects and possibly of SUDEP.

The origin of post-ictal malfunctions is debatable. We want to propose a novel idea of a cause of these adverse results occurring following epileptic seizures and anesthesia. Previously we have put forward the idea that epileptic seizures termination is caused by the function of the glymphatic system in the brain.

Characterizing substance use in a sample of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender adults in Mexico.

: Research from high-income countries on substance use among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) adults is growing; however, limited empirical research exists on LGBT adults in Mexico. Filling this gap is critical as LGBT adults experience unique stressors that may place them at risk for substance use-related health outcomes. : This study sought to characterize substance use prevalence and magnitude among a convenience sample of Mexican LGBT adults.

Explaining recent postictal epilepsy EEG results by the G-lymphatic clearance hypothesis.

Two recent postictal EEG measurements demonstrate somewhat conflicting results of epileptic behavior clearance in different brain parts. Both measurements observed two modes of seizure cessation, an abrupt and a gradual one, with slightly different statistics. No explanations were given for the appearance of these modes.

A combined astrocyte - G-lymphatic model of epilepsy initiation, maintenance and termination.

Although epilepsy afflicts numerous people worldwide, its dynamics are still controversial. Especially seizure termination is relatively unidentified. Here we suggest a coherent explanation to all stages of epilepsy, its genesis, seizure initiation and termination.

Reentry as an Origin for Rotors.

The aim of the study is to understand in depth the meaning of "reentry", and to decipher if and how it can lead to malfunctions of the heart and possibly of the brain. A simple model is used to reveal the mechanism by which a single pulse of action potential rotating around a ring of excitable medium, the latter simulating a reentry circuit, can generate spirals (single and/or double) when the pulse can emerge from and develop outside the ring. Two mechanisms of spiral generation are demonstrated: (1) a mechanism in which a source of single spirals is created at the contact with the core soon after the pulse freeing action, their chirality being due to the sense of the preceding pulse rotation.

Patterns of Intimate Partner Violence Victimization and Perpetration Among Sexual Minority Women: A Latent Class Analysis.

This study explored patterns of intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization and perpetration in 150 sexual minority women (SMW): 25.3% had been sexually victimized, 34% physically victimized, 76% psychologically victimized, and 29.3% suffered an IPV-related injury.

Does the eclipse limit bacterial nucleoid complexity and cell width?

Cell size of bacteria is related to 3 temporal parameters: chromosome replication time , period from replication-termination to subsequent division , and doubling time . Steady-state, bacillary cells grow exponentially by extending length only, but their constant width is larger at shorter 's or longer 's, in proportion to the number of chromosome replication positions (= /), at least in and . Extending by of result in continuous increase of , associated with rising , up to a limit before branching.

Causality analysis of leading singular value decomposition modes identifies rotor as the dominant driving normal mode in fibrillation.

Cardiac fibrillation is a major clinical and societal burden. Rotors may drive fibrillation in many cases, but their role and patterns are often masked by complex propagation. We used Singular Value Decomposition (SVD), which ranks patterns of activation hierarchically, together with Wiener-Granger causality analysis (WGCA), which analyses direction of information among observations, to investigate the role of rotors in cardiac fibrillation.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptom clusters differentially predict prenatal health behaviors in pregnant women.

Objective: To date, most investigations of mental health in pregnant women have focused on depression or substance use. This study aimed to (a) delineate the relationships between symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and prenatal health behaviors and (b) explore whether the symptom clusters of ADHD differentially predict prenatal health behaviors (e.g.

Activation of GPR119 Stimulates Human β-Cell Replication and Neogenesis in Humanized Mice with Functional Human Islets.

Using humanized mice with functional human islets, we investigated whether activating GPR119 by PSN632408, a small molecular agonist, can stimulate human β-cell regeneration in vivo. Human islets were transplanted under the left kidney capsule of immunodeficient mice with streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced diabetes. The recipient mice were treated with PSN632408 or vehicle and BrdU daily.

Singular Value Decomposition of Optically-Mapped Cardiac Rotors and Fibrillatory Activity.

Our progress of understanding how cellular and structural factors contribute to the arrhythmia is hampered in part because of controversies whether a fibrillating heart is driven by a single, several, or multiple number of sources, and whether they are focal or reentrant, and how to localize them. Here we demonstrate how a novel usage of the neutral singular value decomposition (SVD) method enables the extraction of the governing spatial and temporal modes of excitation from a rotor and fibrillatory waves. Those modes highlight patterns and regions of organization in the midst of the otherwise seemingly-randomly propagating excitation waves.