The effects of Covid-19 mRNA vaccine on adolescence gynecological well-being.

Key Message: Menstruation of adolescent girls might be influenced by Covid-19 mRNA vaccine, however, the ovarian reserve estimated by AMH is not compromised.

Background: Recent studies have suggested that the acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mRNA vaccine causes menstrual abnormalities which led to concerns regarding its influence on the reproductive system. This study aims to investigate the influence of the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine on gynecologic well-being and future fertility of adolescent girls.

The effect of Covid-19 mRNA vaccine on serum anti-Müllerian hormone levels.

Study Question: Does the administration of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mRNA vaccine have an association with ovarian reserve as expressed by circulating anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels?

Summary Answer: Ovarian reserve as assessed by serum AMH levels is not altered at 3 months following mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.

What Is Known Already: A possible impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination through an interaction between the oocyte and the somatic cells could not be ruled out, however, data are limited.

Study Design, Size, Duration: This is a prospective study conducted at a university affiliated tertiary medical center between February and March 2021.

MRI guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) treatment for uterine fibroids among women with and without abdominal scars.

Introduction: MRI guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) is a noninvasive technique for treating uterine fibroids. The presence of abdominal scars can limit the number of women eligible for the procedure, due to absorbance of beam energy. The goals of this study were to assess the number of women that fit the procedure and to compare outcomes among women with or without abdominal scars.

Cord blood androgen levels of females from same sex and opposite sex twins - A pilot study.

Objective: Opposite-sex twins have shown behavioural and reproductive differences between females and males. These differences may be determined by higher intrauterine levels of androgens among females that were exposed to a male co-twin. The aim of this study was to compare cord blood androgen levels in females from same-sex and opposite-sex twins.

Long-term outcome of MR-guided focused ultrasound treatment and laparoscopic myomectomy for symptomatic uterine fibroid tumors.

Background: Fibroid tumors are the most common benign tumors in women of reproductive age. Treatment is usually indicated for those who are symptomatic, with different techniques being used.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the long-term outcome of laparoscopic myomectomy with magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound for symptomatic uterine fibroid tumors.

Outcome of magnetic resonance-Guided focused ultrasound surgery (MRgFUS) for FIGO class 1 fibroids.

Objective: Intracavitary uterine fibroids and fibroids that distort the uterine cavity are associated with excessive vaginal bleeding and infertility. While intracavitary fibroids smaller than 4 cm are usually treated safely by operative hysteroscopy, larger fibroids may require multiple surgeries or more extensive surgery with possible damage to the integrity of the uterine wall. Magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound surgery (MRgFUS) is a noninvasive approach for treating uterine fibroids, mainly the intramural type.

Modifying the luteal phase support in natural cycle frozen-thawed embryo transfer improves cycle outcome.

With the recent trend toward single embryo transfer (ET), cryopreservation of extraneous embryos is becoming increasingly prevalent. Several replacement protocols for frozen-thawed ET (FET) exist, with no advantage of one protocol over the others. All consecutive patients undergoing natural cycle Day-3 FET cycles between May 2012 and March 2015 in our IVF unit were evaluated.

MR-guided focus ultrasound (MRgFUS) for symptomatic uterine fibroids: predictors of treatment success.

Study Question: What are the factors associated with long-term success in patients with symptomatic uterine fibroids treated by magnetic resonance-guided focus ultrasound (MRgFUS) and can they be employed to create a clinically useful index that predicts long-term efficacy?

Summary Answer: Hypo-intense fibroids on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and older age were associated with higher success rates and can be used to predict success rates on the basis of their presence or absence as pre-treatment parameters.

What Is Known Already: The signal intensity of baseline T2-weighted MRI images and non-perfused volume at the end of the treatment can be correlated with MRgFUS outcome.

Study Design, Size And Duration: This was a retrospective analysis of 81 patients who were treated by MRgFUS for symptomatic uterine fibroids, in an academic affiliated center between 2003 and 2008.

Are infertility treatments a potential risk factor for cancer development? Perspective of 30 years of follow-up.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the possible risk for cancer development in infertile women with over 30 years of follow-up. Cancer development was assessed through linkage with the National Cancer Registry updated to 31 December 2005 in a cohort of 2431 women who were treated for infertility at the Sheba Medical Center in Israel during the period 1964-1974 and contributed more than 84,000 women years of follow-up. Standardized incidence ratios (SIR) were calculated between the observed cancer cases and the expected cancer rates in the general population.

Ovarian stimulation: is there a long-term risk for ovarian, breast and endometrial cancer?

Adverse effects have been related to infertility treatments. Infertility in general, and female infertility in particular, is a well established risk factor for cancer development, especially ovarian, breast and endometrial cancer. This article addresses the possible association between infertility and cancer development, with an emphasis on the influence of infertility treatments, through a meticulous search of the literature published thus far.

Pregnancy outcome after magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound surgery (MRgFUS) for conservative treatment of uterine fibroids.

Objective: To report all pregnancies to date after magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound surgery (MRgFUS) for the conservative treatment of clinically significant uterine fibroids.

Design: Prospective registry of all known pregnancies occurring after MRgFUS maintained by the device manufacturer and reported to the Food and Drug Administration.

Setting: World experience of pregnancies after treatment with reports from 13 sites in seven countries.

An assessment of the validity of reporting by proxy to women's health questionnaire: a pilot study.

Objective: The quality of proxy reports provided by husbands regarding women's health, when the index case (the wife) cannot be interviewed, is controversial.

Study Design: Fourteen husbands and wives at menopause were interviewed separately using the same pre-constructed questionnaire. The extent of agreement between their reports was assessed.

MRgFUS for pain relief as palliative treatment in recurrent cervical carcinoma: a case report.

Introduction: Focused ultrasound under real-time MR guidance and control (MRgFUS) can be used for the thermal ablation of tissue. Currently this technique is used clinically for the noninvasive treatment of uterine leiomyomas and is in clinical evaluation for breast cancer, adenomyosis and other indications. MRgFUS is being tested for pain relief in patients suffering from bone metastases.

Clinical improvement and shrinkage of uterine fibroids after thermal ablation by magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound surgery.

Objective: Hysterectomy or myomectomy are the accepted treatments for symptomatic uterine fibroids. Heat ablation of uterine fibroids has been shown to be an effective alternative treatment. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical efficacy of non-invasive thermal ablation by transcutaneous magnetic resonance-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) for the treatment of symptomatic uterine fibroids.

Sustained relief of leiomyoma symptoms by using focused ultrasound surgery.

Objective: To assess several measures of the long-term outcome of magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound surgery for symptomatic uterine leiomyomata.

Methods: Data on 359 women completing 24-month follow-up in all clinical trials of magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound surgery for uterine leiomyomata were analyzed. Quality of life outcomes, measured by the symptom severity score of the Uterine Fibroid Symptoms Quality Of Life Questionnaire were assessed for 24 months after treatment.

Cortical fibrosis and blood-vessels damage in human ovaries exposed to chemotherapy. Potential mechanisms of ovarian injury.

Background: Chemotherapy destroys primordial follicles and can lead to ovarian atrophy. Although reports indicate that apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for follicle loss, additional pathways can be involved. This study investigates the damage in human ovaries after administration of non-sterilizing doses of chemotherapy.

Prevention of severe menorrhagia in oncology patients with treatment-induced thrombocytopenia by luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist and depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate.

Background: Menorrhagia is a serious complication in young female oncology patients who suffer from severe thrombocytopenia during myelosuppressive treatment. To the authors' knowledge, little is known regarding the incidence of this complication or the effectiveness of possible therapies for its prevention.

Methods: In this retrospective clinical study, after a thorough gynecologic evaluation, young female oncology patients with regular menstrual cycles undergoing myelosuppressive treatments received either depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA), or D-tryptophan-6-luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone depot treatment (gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist [GnRH-a]), or no treatment before the administration of myelosuppresive chemotherapy.

New interventional techniques for adenomyosis.

This chapter demonstrates that new interventional techniques have been introduced over recent years in order to find an adequate non-invasive therapy for adenomyosis. There is no evidence-based medicine to guide us in the treatment of adenomyosis with minimally invasive therapy. In fact, most data regarding adenomyosis and these evolving therapies comes from the inadvertent treatment of adenomyosis in studies designed to treat uterine leiomyomas.

Magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound surgery using an enhanced sonication technique in a pig muscle model.

The Purpose Of This Study: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of an enhanced magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) emission protocol that results in more extensive treatment by increasing the volume of each focal ablation using the same energy.

Materials And Methods: Six pigs were treated with an MRgFUS system combined with real-time MR, for imaging and temperature mapping, with 102 "enhanced" and 97 "regular" focal ablations performed on both buttock muscles. Real-time imaging, temperature mapping, and acoustic reflected spectrum data enabled immediate evaluation of the results.

Elevated day 3 FSH/LH ratio due to low LH concentrations predicts reduced ovarian response.

Adequate ovarian response, essential for successful IVF, cannot be accurately predicted. This study retrospectively reviewed all patients undergoing IVF from 1998 to 2001. Inclusion criteria were age <41 years at treatment onset and a basal day 3 serum FSH concentration <12 IU/l.

Infertility, ovulation induction treatments and the incidence of breast cancer--a historical prospective cohort of Israeli women.

Context: Ovulation induction drugs may be associated with increased breast cancer risk. Results so far have been inconclusive.

Objective: To evaluate the association between infertility, exposure to ovulation induction drugs and the incidence of breast cancer.

Clinical outcomes of focused ultrasound surgery for the treatment of uterine fibroids.

Objective: To assess outcomes at 6 and 12 months after magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound surgery (MRgFUS) for symptomatic uterine leiomyomas.

Design: Multicenter clinical trial.

Setting: Academic medical centers.

Pregnancy and live birth after focused ultrasound surgery for symptomatic focal adenomyosis: a case report.

Adenomyosis is a benign disease whose symptoms mimic those of uterine leiomyoma. Hysterectomy is the treatment of choice; conservative surgery is difficult to perform and can damage the uterine structural integrity. We report the case of a 36-year-old woman who had difficulty conceiving because of profuse menometrorrhagia.

MRI guidance of focused ultrasound therapy of uterine fibroids: early results.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore our hypothesis that MRI-guided focused ultrasound therapy for the treatment of uterine fibroids will lead to a significant reduction in symptoms and improvement in quality of life. We describe focused ultrasound therapy applications and the method for monitoring the thermal energy deposited in the fibroids, including the MRI parameters required, in a prospective review of 108 treatments.

Materials And Methods: Patients presenting with symptomatic uterine fibroids who attained a minimal symptom severity score and who would otherwise have been offered a hysterectomy were recruited.

The GnRH antagonist cetrorelix reduces cyclophosphamide-induced ovarian follicular destruction in mice.

Background: It has remained controversial whether and in what way suppression of the pituitary-gonadal axis using GnRH analogues can reduce the destructive effects of chemotherapy on ovarian primordial follicles and thus prevent ovarian failure. GnRH antagonists suppress gonadotrophin levels immediately after administration. In this study we determined whether administration of the GnRH antagonist cetrorelix before exposure to increasing doses of cyclophosphamide (Cy) affected the number of surviving primordial follicles (PMF) in the mice ovary.