Background: Since the last two decades, substantial increase in fungal infections has been observed in immunocompromised hosts. Virulence factors of play a role in adherence, haemolytic activity, phenotypic switching and production of hydrolytic enzymes. The secreted aspartyl proteinases ( family) contribute to adhesion, tissue damage and invasion, while phospholipase () supports the hydrolysis of phospholipids.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEvaluating the expression pattern of oxacillinases (OXA) carbapenemases is essential to understand the prevalence and spread of carbapenem resistance . The aim of the study is to evaluate the presence of OXA carbapenemase genes and IS upstream to these genes in carbapenem-resistant clinical isolates. isolated from clinical samples were phenotypically identified and antibiotics sensitivity was performed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWhole-genome sequencing has emerged as a powerful tool to map genetic diversity among isolates and identify the genomic signatures associated with drug resistance, pathogenesis, and disease transmission. Isolate LJ319 of the complex (MTC)-Beijing genotype circulating in Maharashtra, India, which was obtained from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of an immunocompetent patient, was subjected to whole-genome sequencing.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection is one of the major causes of liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and deaths due to the acute or chronic consequences worldwide. HBV is distributed into various genotypes based on nucleic acid sequence variation.
Objectives: To develop a method of HBV genotyping and drug resistance interpretation using partial sequencing of polymerase gene.
The incidence of fungal keratitis is less common than bacterial and viral keratitis. However, it remains a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Delayed clinical diagnosis is common mainly because of lack of suspicion.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHuman Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV-1) drug resistance genotyping assay is a part of clinical management of HIV-1 positive individuals under treatment with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Routine monitoring of drug resistance mutations in resource limited settings like India is not possible due to high cost of commercial drug resistance assays. In this study we developed an in-house, cost effective HIV-1 drug resistance genotyping assay for Indian patients and validated it against the US-FDA-approved ViroSeq HIV-1 drug resistance testing system.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) viral load testing at regular intervals is an integral component of disease management in Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) patients. The need in countries like India is therefore an assay that is not only economical but efficient and highly specific for HIV-1 sub type C virus. This study reports a SYBR Green-based HIV-1 real time PCR assay for viral load testing and is designed for enhanced specificity towards HIV-1 sub type C viruses prevalent in India.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA portion of the gag gene cDNA for p24 protein from 30 Indian HIV-1 proviral DNA was amplified by PCR and sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis with reference samples of A1, A2, B, C, D, F1, F2, G, H, J, K, N and O subtypes revealed that 29 test samples aligned with subtype C reference strain while 1 matched with HIV-1 subtype A. Multiple alignment of predicted amino acid sequence of the Indian test samples and reference C subtype of HIV-1 samples from other countries indicated a molecular signature by way of rigid conservation of the amino acid 'S' at position 41 of the gag p24 protein in all Indian HIV-1 samples analyzed in this study as opposed to 'T' in the same position in C subtype sequences from other parts of the world.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRoum Arch Microbiol Immunol
August 2012
Human MECP2 gene located at q28 arm of X chromosome was identified as target for thermal co-amplification with HIV-1 proviral DNA of infected individuals. The selected MECP2 gene-specific primers functioned at a wide range of annealing temperature, extension time and exhibited no significant interaction with pathogen specific primers. A 466 bp PCR amplicon originating from human MECP2 gene was found to be diagnostic for inhibition-free PCR reaction when co-amplified with the HIV-1 target gene in a multiplexed, nested PCR reaction.
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