The sublethal effects of (2,4-Dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid (2,4-D) on narrow-clawed crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus Eschscholtz, 1823).

2,4-D is a widely used phenoxy herbicide, potentially toxic to humans and biota. The objective of the present study was to reveal short term sublethal effects of 2,4-D on narrow-clawed freshwater crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus Eschscholtz, 1823), based on histology, total haemocyte counts, selected haemolymph parameters, and oxidative stress parameters. In the laboratory conditions crayfish specimens were exposed to 9 mg L-1 of 2,4-D for one week.

Evaluation of genotoxic and antigenotoxic effects of boron by the somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) on Drosophila.

Objective: In this study, different concentrations of boron have been evaluated for genotoxic and antigenotoxic properties by using the somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) on Drosophila melanogaster.

Study Design: The treatment concentrations were chosen to a pretest. Third-instar larvae trans-heterozygous for two genetic markers, multiple wing hair (mwh) and flare (flr3), were treated at different concentrations (0.

Detection of transfluthrin and metofluthrin genotoxicity in the ST cross of the Drosophila Wing Spot Test.

In this study, different concentrations of transfluthrin and metofluthrin have been assayed for genotoxicity by using the Wing Spot Test on Drosophila melanogaster. Standard cross was used in the experiment. Third-instar larvae that were trans-heterozygous for the two genetic markers mwh and flr(3) were treated at different concentrations (0.

Evaluation of potential genotoxicity of five food dyes using the somatic mutation and recombination test.

In this study, different concentrations of five food dyes (amaranth, patent blue, carminic acid, indigotine and erythrosine) have been evaluated for genotoxicity in the Somatic Mutation and Recombination Test (SMART) of Drosophila melanogaster. Standard cross was used in the experiment. Larvae including two linked recessive wing hair mutations were chronically fed at different concentrations of the test compounds in standard Drosophila Instant Medium.

Sublethal toxicity of esbiothrin relationship with total antioxidant status and in vivo genotoxicity assessment in fish (Cyprinus carpio L., 1758) using the micronucleus test and comet assay.

Esbiothrin, synthetic pyrethroid with quick activity against insects, is widely used against household pests and in public health. Despite widespread use, data on ecotoxicity and genotoxic effects are extremely scarce. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the genotoxic potential of esbiothrin on a model fish species Cyprinus carpio L.

Genotoxicity assessment of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) fingerlings by tissue DNA damage and micronucleus test, after environmental exposure to fenitrothion.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the adverse effects of sublethal doses of fenitrothion, an organophosphothionate insecticide on brain, gill, liver, and muscle tissues as a ratio of 8-OHdG to dG to indicate the DNA damage and erythrocyte micronucleus frequency for genotoxicity of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) fingerlings. In our study, the mean weights and lengths of the fish (n = 4-12) were 31.

The acute toxicity of fenitrothion on narrow-clawed crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus Eschscholtz, 1823) in association with biomarkers of lipid peroxidation.

The aim of this research was to evaluate the acute toxicity of fenitrothion to the crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus Eschscholtz, 1823), which is chosen as an alternative aquatic organism to fish by using the static test system and evaluate the basic lipid peroxidation parameters for the first 24 h. Crayfish of 27.3 ± 0.

Genotoxicity of two mouthwash products in the Drosophila Wing-Spot Test.

In this study, genotoxicity of two mouthwash products (chlorexidin, benzidamine-HCl) were investigated in the Drosophila Wing-Spot Test which makes use of the wing cell markers multiple wing hairs (mwh) and flare (flr) and detects both mitotic recombination and various types of mutational events. Induced mutations are detected as single mosaic spots on the wing blade of surviving adults that show either the multiple wing hairs or flare phenotype. Induced recombination leads to mwh and flr twin spots and also, to some extent, to mwh single spots.

Genotoxic evaluation of antiepileptic drugs by Drosophila somatic mutation and recombination test.

The study examines the potential genotoxicity of three antiepileptic drugs (phenytoin sodium, pregabalin, gabapentin) using the wing somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) in Drosophila melanogaster. Trans-heterozygous (two genetic markers mwh and flr) third-instar larvae of D. melanogaster were treated with different concentrations of the test compounds.

Genotoxic evaluation of sodium fluoride in the Somatic Mutation and Recombination Test (SMART).

In this study, genotoxic effect of sodium fluoride (NaF) was investigated in Drosophila melanogaster Somatic Mutation and Recombination Test. Third-instar larvae trans-heterozygous for two genetic markers mwh and flr, were treated at different concentrations (2.5 microg/ml, 5 microg/ml and 10 microg/ml) of the test compounds.

Sublethal cyfluthrin toxicity to carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) fingerlings: biochemical, hematological, histopathological alterations.

This study measures a whole series of biological endpoints, and histopathological and behavioral changes of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) fingerlings in order to investigate the adverse effects of a sublethal concentration of 10 microg/L cyfluthrin for 48h and one week using the semi-static test system. The most significantly altered findings of this study was that total antioxidant status levels decreased in 48h, chloride levels decreased in one week, and sodium and phosphorous levels increased in the 48h-exposed group.

Genotoxic assessment of oxcarbazepine and carbamazepine in drosophila wing spot test.

In this study, different concentrations of two antiepileptic drugs, carbamazepine (CBZ) and oxcarbazepine (OXC), have been evaluated for genotoxicity in the wing spot test of Drosophila melanogaster. The wing spot test detects different kinds of somatic mutations and allows detection of mitotic recombinations. Third-instar larvae trans-heterozygous for two genetic markers mwh and flr, were treated at different concentrations of the drugs.

Investigation of acute toxicity of fenitrothion on guppies Poecilia reticulata.

Fenitrothion, an organophosphothionate insecticide (CAS number: 122-14-5) and potential toxic pollutant contaminating aquatic ecosystems, was investigated in the present study for acute toxicity. Guppy fish (Poecilia reticulata) were selected for the bioassay experiments. The experiments were repeated three times and the 96 h LC(50) was determined for the guppies.

How Sublethal Fenitrothion is Toxic in Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) Fingerlings.

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of fenitrothion, an organophosphothionate insecticide, on selected serum hematological and biochemical parameters of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) fingerlings and investigate histopathological changes after acute dose of exposure. Among those, cortisol and glucose are evaluated as responses of early life stages of carp to acute stress and hematological blood parameters are evaluated to investigate the mechanism of toxicity via histopathological changes to the standard test organism.

Genotoxicity testing of four food preservatives and their combinations in the Drosophila wing spot test.

In this study, four food preservatives (sodium nitrate, sodium nitrite, potassium nitrate and potassium nitrite) and there five combinations at a concentration of 25mM have been evaluated for genotoxicity in the somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) of Drosophila melanogaster. Three-day-old larvae trans-heterozygous including two linked recessive wing hair mutations (multiple wing hairs and flare) were fed at different concentrations of the test compounds (25, 50, 75 and 100mM) in standard Drosophila Instant Medium. Wings of the emerging adult flies were scored for the presence of spots of mutant cells, which can result from either somatic mutation or mitotic recombination.

Investigation of acute toxicity of (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4-D) herbicide on larvae and adult Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.).

A 48h LC(50) values of (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4-D), a widely used agricultural herbicide, were determined on the larvae and adult Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.). Each test was repeated three times.

Investigation of acute toxicity of chlorpyrifos-methyl on guppy Poecilia reticulata.

Static bioassays were made to determine acute toxicity of chlorpyrifos-methyl, a wide spectrum organophosphorus insecticide and potential toxic pollutant of aquatic ecosystem, Guppy fish (Poecilia reticulata). Bioassays were made at a regulated temperature of 22+/-1 degrees C and were repeated three times. Lethal doses of the insecticides were determined using LC50 software programme of U.

Genotoxicity testing of some organophosphate insecticides in the Drosophila wing spot test.

In this study, different concentrations of some organophosphate insecticides (methyl parathion, azamethiphos, dichlorvos and diazinon) have been evaluated for genotoxicity in the wing somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) of Drosophila melanogaster. Third-instar larvae trans-heterozygous for two genetic markers mwh and flr, were treated at different concentrations (1 ppm, 3 ppm, 5 ppm, 7 ppm, 10 ppm) of the test compounds. A positive correlation was observed between total mutations and the number of wings having mutations.

Investigation of acute toxicity of fenitrothion on peppered corydoras (Corydoras paleatus) (Jenyns, 1842).

Fenitrothion, as an organophosphothionate insecticide, is a contact insecticide and selective acaricide, also used as a vector control agent for malaria in public health programs. A 96 h LC50 value of fenitrothion, a potential toxic pollutant contaminating aquatic ecosystems, was determined on the adult peppered corydoras (Corydoras paleatus). The experiments were repeated three times.

Investigation of acute toxicity and the effect of 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) herbicide on the behavior of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio L., 1758; Pisces, Cyprinidae).

A 96-h LC(50) values of 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid], a common contaminating agricultural herbicide, were determined on the adult common carp (Cyprinus carpio L., 1758; Pisces, Cyprinidae). The study was conducted in two stages using 130 carp.