Introduction: HIV is an exclusion criterion for most lung cancer (LC) trials, however LC is the most common non-AIDS-defined malignancy in people living with HIV (PLHIV), poorer prognosis than the general population. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) was a prognostic marker in LC patients from the general population. This study assessed ctDNA's prognostic value in PLHIV from a dedicated phase II trial.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have improved cancer prognosis but have not been evaluated specifically in sarcomatoid carcinoma (SC), a rare lung cancer subtype with poor prognosis. As such, our study sought to retrospectively assess the efficacy of ICI in SC.
Methods: All consecutive patients with centrally confirmed SC treated using ICI as a second-line treatment or beyond between 2011 and 2017 were enrolled.
Background: Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have shown efficacy in the treatment of ALK-rearranged non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but the disease eventually progresses in all patients. In many cases, resistance to ALK TKIs arises through ALK mutations. Although clinical and biological data suggest variations in TKI efficacy according to the mechanism of resistance, ALK mutations are still rarely investigated in routine practice.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCalpain 1 is a proinflammatory calcium-activated cysteine protease, which can be partly externalized. Extracellular calpains limit inflammatory processes and promote tissue repair, through cell proliferation and migration. Toll like receptor (TLR) 2 has been identified as a target of extracellular calpains in lymphocytes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: MNNG HOS transforming gene (MET) abnormalities such as amplification and exon 14 mutations may be responsive to targeted therapies. They are prevalent in lung sarcomatoid carcinomas (LSCs) and must be diagnosed as efficiently as possible. Hypothetically, c-MET overexpression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) may prove effective as a screening test for MET abnormalities.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: Immunotherapies targeting the programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)/PD-ligand 1 (PD-L1) checkpoint improved prognosis in lung cancer. PD-1/PD-L1 status, however, has not been investigated in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients. This study assessed PD-L1 status and tumor immune-cell infiltration in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in HIV patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInvasive mucinous adenocarcinoma (IMA) is a mucinous variant of lepidic predominant lung adenocarcinoma (LPA) and associated with a worse prognosis. We postulated that cytokine expression would enable us to differentiate IMA from LPA in terms of prognosis and acquisition of pro-tumoural capacities. A 30-cytokine panel was assessed in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) from IMA (n=38), LPA (n=25) and control samples (n=7).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: To evaluate MUC1, MUC2, MUC5B, MUC5AC, and MUC6 expression in invasive lepidic predominant adenocarcinoma (LPA) and invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma (IMA) of the lung, and the impact of oncogenic drivers.
Materials And Methods: MUC1, MUC2, MUC5B, MUC5AC, MUC6, TTF1 and Hnf4α immunohistochemistry was performed on surgical samples from 52 patients with IMA (n=25) or LPA (n=27). We searched for EGFR, KRAS, BRAF, and HER2 mutations and ALK, ROS1, and NRG1 rearrangements.
Background: Pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma (SC) is a rare disease with poor prognosis and with strong inter- and intratumor heterogeneity. However, molecular classification is currently focused on activating MET mutations. We sought to better characterize the molecular diversity of SC using mutational signatures that reflect different mutational processes, such as tobacco-associated adducts (signature 4), BRCA1/BRCA2 deficiency (signature 3), or APOBEC enzyme deamination (signatures 2 and 13).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInvasive mucinous lung adenocarcinoma (IMA) is a rare subtype of lung adenocarcinoma with no effective treatment option in advanced disease. KRAS mutations occur in 28-87% of the cases. NRG1 fusions were recently discovered in KRAS-negative IMA cases and otherwise negative for known driver oncogenes and could represent an attractive therapeutic target.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: Pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinomas (SC) are rare tumors, associated with worse prognosis and resistant to platinum-based regimens. Therapies targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway are an emerging treatment for lung cancer. By characterizing intra-tumoral immune infiltration and evaluating PD-L1 expression, it could be possible to predict the efficacy of these new treatments.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Chemoresistance is a major challenge in the treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Because the Sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway is reactivated in NSCLC, we investigated an association between chemoresistance and Shh activation.
Patients And Methods: From a cohort of 178 patients with advanced NSCLC treated with platinum-based chemotherapy as first-line treatment, we selected all surgical tumor samples at diagnosis (n = 36).
Introduction: Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) pathway is physiologically activated during embryogenesis and development. It plays a role in idiopathic lung fibrosis and is also activated in several solid cancers.
State Of The Art: Shh pathway is reactivated in thoracic cancers, as small cell lung carcinoma, non-small cell lung carcinoma and malignant pleural mesothelioma.
K-ras mutations promote angiogenesis in lung cancer and contribute to the drug resistance of cancer cells. It is not clear whether K-ras mutated adenocarcinomas are sensitive to anti-angiogenic therapy with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that target vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Anti-angiogenic mAbs are usually delivered systemically, but only a small proportion reaches the lung after intravenous injection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: Pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinomas (SC) are highly disseminated types of non-small-cell lung carcinoma. Their prognosis is poor. New therapeutic targets are needed to improve disease management.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: This study investigated the clinical and prognostic impact of intracytoplasmic mucin in lung adenocarcinoma with "pneumonic" radiological presentation, formerly known as bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC).
Patients And Methods: Between 1986 and 2011, clinical and pathological data from 120 consecutive patients with lung adenocarcinoma with "pneumonic" radiological presentation were reviewed. Intracytoplasmic mucin was assessed using a diastase-resistant periodic acid-Schiff staining.
Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine-kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKI) are a therapeutic option as second-line therapy in non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), regardless of the EGFR gene status. Identifying patients with early progression during EGFR-TKI treatment will help clinicians to choose the best regimen, TKI or chemotherapy. From a prospective database, all patients treated with gefitinib or erlotinib between 2001 and 2010 were retrospectively reviewed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFToll-like receptors (TLRs) play a crucial role in the innate and adaptive immune responses against microbial infection, tissue injury and cancer. Ligands of TLR9 have been developed as therapy in non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). However, phase III clinical trials in metastatic NSCLC were negative.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: PP2A is a serine/threonine phosphatase critical to physiological processes, including apoptosis. Cell penetrating peptides are molecules that can translocate into cells without causing membrane damage. Our goal was to develop cell-penetrating fusion peptides specifically designed to disrupt the caspase-9/PP2A interaction and evaluate their therapeutic potential in vitro and in vivo.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMost of the cases of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are diagnosed at an advanced stage and are treated with platinum-doublet chemotherapy. However, some patients are refractory to this treatment. The aim of this study was to identify the clinical and molecular characteristics of patients with refractory disease.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe appropriate selection of patients is a major challenge in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs). Prospective trials in adenocarcinoma demonstrated that the mucinous subtype presents a poorer outcome under EGFR-TKI treatment than the non-mucinous subtype. Our aim was to determine the molecular characteristics associated with resistance to EGFR-TKIs in mucinous and non-mucinous adenocarcinoma.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: It has been established that the immune system plays an important role in tumor rejection. There is also compelling evidence that immune responses can develop independently of secondary lymphoid organs in tertiary lymphoid structures. We studied the presence and the correlation of tertiary lymphoid structures with clinical outcome in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), as the prognostic value of these structures in patients with cancer had not yet been established.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: Adenocarcinoma with bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) features is a subtype of non-small cell lung cancers characterized by an intense inflammatory reaction composed of macrophages and neutrophils and by a distinct natural history with intrapulmonary spread leading to death due to respiratory failure. We hypothesized that neutrophils could promote aerogenous spread of lung adenocarcinoma with BAC features.
Experimental Design: We examined the effect of neutrophils on A549 cell line detachment in vitro and we quantified desquamation of tumor cells on tumor tissue (n = 25) and on matched bronchioloalveolar lavage (n = 17) in vivo in a series of patients with adenocarcinoma with BAC features.
Purpose: Molecular profiling of alterations associated with lung cancer holds the promise to define clinical parameters such as response to treatment or survival. Because <5% of small cell lung cancers and <30% of non-small cell lung cancers are surgically resectable, molecular analysis will perforce rely on routinely available clinical samples such as biopsies. Identifying tumor mutations in such samples will require a sensitive and robust technology to overcome signal from excess amounts of normal DNA.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective And Design: The presence of increased numbers of tumor-infiltrating neutrophils is associated with poorer outcome in patients with adenocarcinoma of the bronchioloalveolar (BAC) subtype. We evaluated the role of inflammatory environment on C-X-C chemokine tumor production.
Materials: Bronchoalveolar lavage from 31 consecutive patients with adenocarcinoma of the BAC subtype as well as tumor and normal pulmonary tissue samples.