Carbohydrate counting accuracy and blood glucose variability in adults with type 1 diabetes.

Aims: Carbohydrate counting is an established approach used by patients with type 1 diabetes to improve their glycemic control. The aims of this study were to evaluate, in real life conditions, the accuracy of meal carbohydrate estimate and its impact on glycemic variability.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we observed the ability of 50 adults (48% women) with type 1 diabetes (age: 42.

The TaqIA RFLP is associated with attenuated intervention-induced body weight loss and increased carbohydrate intake in post-menopausal obese women.

Introduction: Polymorphisms of the dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) gene have been associated with obesity phenotypes. Our aim was to examine if the genotype of TaqIA Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFPL) was related to an attenuated weight loss response or to changes in energy expenditure (EE) and food preference before and after weight loss. methods: Obese post-menopausal women (age=57.

Hypertriglyceridemia is associated with insulin levels in adult cystic fibrosis patients.

Background: Recent studies have identified hypertriglyceridemic cystic fibrosis patients (CF-TG). However, whether hypertriglyceridemia is associated with an altered metabolic profile remains unknown.

Objective: To characterize CF-TG and determine whether triglycerides (TG) levels are associated with metabolic alterations.

Impact of energy restriction with or without resistance training on energy metabolism in overweight and obese postmenopausal women: a Montreal Ottawa New Emerging Team group study.

Objective: The present study measured the impact of adding resistance training to an energy-restricted diet on the components of energy expenditure in overweight or obese postmenopausal women.

Methods: Participants (n = 137) were randomly divided into two groups: (1) a diet and resistance training (DRT) group and (2) a diet-only (DO) group. Women followed a 6-month energy-restricted diet consisting of 2,100 to 3,360 kJ less than daily needs.

Physical activity level and body composition among adults with type 1 diabetes.

Aims: Physical activity is part of a healthy lifestyle and contributes to prevent weight gain and cardiometabolic disorders. Adults with Type 1 diabetes are at risk of weight gain attributable to various factors, including a high prevalence of sedentary lifestyle related to fear of exercise-induced hypoglycaemia. This project aims to observe the association between physical activity level and body composition in adults with Type 1 diabetes.

Synergistic associations of physical activity and diet quality on cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight and obese postmenopausal women.

Healthy diet and physical activity are associated with a lower cardiometabolic risk (CMR). Little is known about whether they interact to improve CMR. The purpose of the present study was to determine the synergistic associations of diet quality and physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) on CMR factors.

LDL-cholesterol and insulin are independently associated with body mass index in adult cystic fibrosis patients.

Background: The median life expectancy of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients has increased dramatically over the last few years and we now observe a subset of patients with a body mass index (BMI) exceeding 25 kg/m(2). The aim of this study was to characterize these individuals and to identify factors associated with higher BMI.

Methods: This is a cross sectional study including 187 adult CF subjects.

Estimating insulin secretion in youth using simple indices derived from the oral glucose tolerance test.

Aim: Simple estimates of insulin secretion feasible for large epidemiological studies have been proposed in adults, but have been little evaluated in young people. For this reason, this study examined the correlation between OGTT-derived and fasting-based indices of insulin secretion against the acute insulin response to glucose (AIRg) in children.

Methods: Twenty subjects (nine boys and 11 girls; mean [SD] age: 9 [2] years) were studied.

Evaluation of two new surrogate indices including parameters not using insulin to assess insulin sensitivity/resistance in non-diabetic postmenopausal women: a MONET group study.

Aim: The study evaluated and compared, with other surrogate indices of insulin sensitivity/resistance (IS/R), the relevance of the TyG index, a product of fasting glucose and triglyceride (TG) levels, and the EGIR index, which includes TG, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and waist circumference in its formula to estimate IS/R, in non-diabetic postmenopausal women.

Methods: A secondary analysis was performed using the baseline data for 163 non-diabetic postmenopausal women from the Montreal-Ottawa New Emerging Team (MONET) population database. The subjects participated in hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic (HIEG) clamp and oral glucose tolerance (OGTT) tests.

Altering source or amount of dietary carbohydrate has acute and chronic effects on postprandial glucose and triglycerides in type 2 diabetes: Canadian trial of Carbohydrates in Diabetes (CCD).

Background And Aims: Nutrition recommendations for type 2 diabetes (T2DM) are partly guided by the postprandial responses elicited by diets varying in carbohydrate (CHO). We aimed to explore whether long-term changes in postprandial responses on low-glycemic-index (GI) or low-CHO diets were due to acute or chronic effects in T2DM.

Methods And Results: Subjects with diet-alone-treated T2DM were randomly assigned to high-CHO/high-GI (H), high-CHO/low-GI (L), or low-CHO/high-monounsaturated-fat (M) diets for 12-months.

The effect of the menopausal transition on body composition and cardiometabolic risk factors: a Montreal-Ottawa New Emerging Team group study.

Objective: Cardiovascular disease is the first cause of mortality in women in North America. The risk of cardiovascular disease increases sharply after middle age in women, especially after menopause. The aim was to investigate changes in body composition and cardiometabolic profile throughout the menopausal transition.

Insulin receptor-independent upregulation of cellular glucose uptake.

Background: Cellular glucose uptake can be enhanced by upregulating Ras signaling in either insulin-dependent or -independent manner. In presence of insulin and intact insulin signaling, Ras has a negligible role in glucose uptake. Conversely, when insulin signaling is impaired in obesity or diabetes, the insulin-independent Ras pathway may be valuable for enhancing glucose disposal.

Liver fat accumulation may be dissociated from adiposity gain in ovariectomized rats.

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to establish a model of rats prone and resistant to intra-abdominal fat accumulation in response to ovariectomy (Ovx-P and Ovx-R) and to determine its relationship with molecular biomarkers.

Design: Two experiments were conducted in which female rats were either sham-operated (Sham) or ovariectomized (Ovx). In the first experiment, ovariectomized rats were stratified into three tertiles based on intra-abdominal adipose tissue mass.

Relationship between the body adiposity index and cardiometabolic risk factors in obese postmenopausal women.

Objective: The purpose of the present secondary analysis study was to investigate the ability of the body adiposity index (BAI) to detect changes in % body fat levels before and after a weight loss intervention when compared to % body fat levels measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and to examine the relationship between the BAI with cardiometabolic risk factors.

Methods: The study population for this secondary analysis included 132 non-diabetic obese sedentary postmenopausal women (age: 57.2 ± 4.

The Barriers to Physical Activity in Type 1 Diabetes (BAPAD-1) scale: predictive validity and reliability.

Aim: Perceived barriers are one determinant of physical activity. Depending on the study population, these barriers can vary. The aim of this study was to assess the reliability and predictive validity of the 'Barriers to Physical Activity in Type 1 Diabetes' (BAPAD-1) scale, developed by Dubé et al.

Pharmacokinetic analysis of absorption, distribution and disappearance of ingested water labeled with D₂O in humans.

The kinetic parameters of absorption and distribution of ingested water (300 ml labeled with D(2)O; osmolality <20 mOsm kg(-1)) in the body water pool (BWP) and of its disappearance from this pool were estimated in 36 subjects from changes in plasma or urine deuterium to protium ratio (D/H) over 10 days using one- and two-compartment and a non-compartmental pharmacokinetic models (1-CM, 2-CM and N-CM which applied well to 58, 42 and 100% of the subjects, respectively). Compared with the volume and turnover of the BWP computed with the slope-intercept method (60.7 ± 4.

The association between leptin and insulin levels in adults with cystic fibrosis.

Unlabelled: Cystic fibrosis (CF)-related diabetes is an important complication of CF caused by a decrease in insulin secretion that is associated with weight loss, poor nutritional status and increased mortality. Leptin, a hormone secreted from white adipose tissue, has an important role in energy homoeostasis by inhibiting food intake and increasing energy expenditure. Leptin secretion can be increased by nutrient signals such as insulin.

Accuracy of the SenseWear Armband™ during ergocycling.

The present study aims to show the accuracy of a portable motion sensor, the SenseWear Armband, for the estimation of energy expenditure vs. energy expenditure measured by indirect calorimetry during ergocycling. 31 healthy adults (52% women; age: 26.

Relationship between the Bertin index to estimate visceral adipose tissue from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and cardiometabolic risk factors before and after weight loss.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between visceral adipose tissue (VAT), estimated with the Bertin index obtained from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), with cardiometabolic risk factors before and after a weight loss program and compare it with VAT measured with computed tomography (CT) scan. The study population for this analysis included 92 nondiabetic overweight and obese sedentary postmenopausal women (age: 58.1 ± 4.

Normal total and high molecular weight adiponectin levels in adults with cystic fibrosis.

Cystic fibrosis related diabetes (CFRD) is an important complication of CF that increases mortality. Adiponectin, an adipokine secreted from adipose tissue, plays an important role in fatty acid and glucose metabolism. Lower total adiponectin (TA) levels have been linked to the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

The use of antiplatelet therapy in the outpatient setting: Canadian Cardiovascular Society guidelines.

Antiplatelet agents are a cornerstone of therapy for patients with atherosclerotic vascular disease. There is presently a lack of comprehensive guidelines focusing on the use of antiplatelet drugs in patients currently manifesting or at elevated risk of cardiovascular disease. The Canadian Antiplatelet Therapy Guidelines Committee reviewed existing disease-based guidelines and subsequently published literature and used expert opinion and review to develop guidelines on the use of antiplatelet therapy in the outpatient setting.

Improvement in insulin sensitivity by weight loss does not affect hyperinsulinemia-mediated reduction in total and high molecular weight adiponectin: a MONET study.

Acute hyperinsulinemia reduces total and high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin levels in humans. Whether an increase in insulin sensitivity (IS) is accompanied by a greater suppressive effect of hyperinsulinemia on adiponectin levels is unknown, however. To clarify the inhibitory role of insulin on adiponectin, total and HMW adiponectin levels were measured during acute hyperinsulinemia before and after an improvement in insulin sensitivity in response to weight loss.