Changing epidemiology and antimicrobial susceptibility of bloodstream infections at a Vietnamese infectious diseases hospital (2010-2020).

Bloodstream infection (BSI) poses a global health problem, with diverse organisms and rising antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Here, we characterized trends in BSI prevalence, AMR, and antibiotic use at a Vietnamese infectious diseases hospital from 2010 to 2020. Among 108,303 cultured blood samples, 8.

Magnetic separation, sunlight-driven photocatalytic activity, and antibacterial studies of Sm-doped CoMgNiFeO nanoparticles.

Magnetic nanoparticles have emerged as a promising tool for wastewater treatment due to their unique properties. In this regard, CoMgNiSmFeO (0.00 x 0.

Development and validation of multiplex real-time PCR for simultaneous detection of six bacterial pathogens causing lower respiratory tract infections and antimicrobial resistance genes.

Background: Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus are major bacterial causes of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) globally, leading to substantial morbidity and mortality. The rapid increase of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in these pathogens poses significant challenges for their effective antibiotic therapy. In low-resourced settings, patients with LRTIs are prescribed antibiotics empirically while awaiting several days for culture results.

Sex-Dependent Altered Expression of Cannabinoid Signaling in Hippocampal Astrocytes of the Triple Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease: Implications for Controlling Astroglial Activity.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease. In AD-associated neuroinflammation, astrocytes play a key role, finding glial activation both in patients and in animal models. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a neurolipid signaling system with anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties implicated in AD.

The clinical features and genomic epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections at a tertiary hospital in Vietnam.

Objectives: To characterise the clinical features of Acinetobacter baumannii infections and investigate the phylogenetic structure and transmission dynamics of A. baumannii in Vietnam.

Methods: Between 2019 and 2020, a surveillance of A.

Genomic epidemiology, antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors of complex causing potential community-onset bloodstream infections in a tertiary care hospital of Nepal.

Objectives: Community-onset bloodstream infections (BSIs) caused by carbapenemase-producing complex (ECC) species are increasing internationally. This observation suggests that ECC are emerging pathogens, requiring for detailed understanding on their genomic epidemiology including transmission dynamics and antimicrobial resistance profiles.

Patients And Methods: We performed WGS on 79 spp.

A fatal outbreak of neonatal sepsis caused by mcr-10-carrying Enterobacter kobei in a tertiary care hospital in Nepal.

Background: Enterobacter kobei is an emerging cause of outbreak of nosocomial infections in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). Between July and September 2016, a NICU in a tertiary care hospital of Nepal observed an abrupt increase in the number of neonatal sepsis cases caused by Enterobacter spp. infecting 11 out of 23 admitted neonates, five of whom died of an exacerbated sepsis.

The evolutionary history of serotype 6 in Asia.

serotype 6 is an understudied cause of diarrhoeal diseases in developing countries, and has been proposed as one of the major targets for vaccine development against shigellosis. Despite being named as , serotype 6 is phylogenetically distinct from other serotypes and more closely related to . This unique phylogenetic relationship and its low sampling frequency have hampered genomic research on this pathogen.

Genomic insights into the circulation of pandemic fluoroquinolone-resistant extra-intestinal pathogenic ST1193 in Vietnam.

Extra-intestinal pathogenic (ExPEC) ST1193, a globally emergent fluoroquinolone-resistant clone, has become an important cause of bloodstream infections (BSIs) associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Previous studies have reported the emergence of fluoroquinolone-resistant ExPEC ST1193 in Vietnam; however, limited data exist regarding the genetic structure, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) determinants and transmission dynamics of this pandemic clone. Here, we performed genomic and phylogenetic analyses of 46 ST1193 isolates obtained from BSIs and healthy individuals in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, to investigate the pathogen population structure, molecular mechanisms of AMR and potential transmission patterns.

Viral genome-based Zika virus transmission dynamics in a paediatric cohort during the 2016 Nicaragua epidemic.

Background: Nicaragua experienced a large Zika epidemic in 2016, with up to 50% of the population in Managua infected. With the domesticated Aedes aegypti mosquito as its vector, it is widely assumed that Zika virus transmission occurs within the household and/or via human mobility. We investigated these assumptions by using viral genomes to trace Zika transmission spatially.

Exploring the Genomic Diversity and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum in a Vietnamese Population.

Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum is a member of the human gut microbiota, and specific variants of have been associated with health benefits such as improving gut integrity and reducing inflammatory responses. Here, we aimed to assess the genomic diversity and predicted metabolic profiles of B. pseudocatenulatum cells found colonizing the gut of healthy Vietnamese adults and children.

The emergence of azithromycin-resistant Typhi in Nepal.

Background: Typhoid fever remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in Asia and Africa. The emergence of azithromycin resistance in South Asia is concerning, as azithromycin is one of the last effective oral drugs for treating typhoid.

Objectives: To describe the molecular mechanism and phylogenetics of azithromycin-resistant (Azith) Typhi isolates from Patan Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal.

Evolutionary histories and antimicrobial resistance in Shigella flexneri and Shigella sonnei in Southeast Asia.

Conventional disease surveillance for shigellosis in developing country settings relies on serotyping and low-resolution molecular typing, which fails to contextualise the evolutionary history of the genus. Here, we interrogated a collection of 1,804 Shigella whole genome sequences from organisms isolated in four continental Southeast Asian countries (Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia) over three decades to characterise the evolution of both S. flexneri and S.

Novel Mutation of SARS-CoV-2, Vietnam, July 2020.

A cluster of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infections in Danang, Vietnam, began July 25, 2020, and resulted in 551 confirmed cases and 35 deaths as of February 2021. We analyzed 26 sequences from this cluster and identified a novel shared mutation in nonstructural protein 9, suggesting a single introduction into Vietnam.

Emerging carbapenem-resistant sequence type 16 causing multiple outbreaks in a tertiary hospital in southern Vietnam.

The emergence of carbapenem resistance in represents a major global public health concern. Nosocomial outbreaks caused by multidrug-resistant are commonly reported to result in high morbidity and mortality due to limited treatment options. Between October 2019 and January 2020, two concurrent high-mortality nosocomial outbreaks occurred in a referral hospital in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.

Colonization with and causes infections in a Vietnamese intensive care unit.

Pre-existing colonization with or has been found to increase the risk of infection in intensive care patients. We previously conducted a longitudinal study to characterize colonization of these two organisms in patients admitted to intensive care in a hospital in southern Vietnam. Here, using genomic and phylogenetic analyses, we aimed to assess the contribution these colonizing organisms made to infections.

Gallbladder carriage generates genetic variation and genome degradation in Salmonella Typhi.

Despite recent advances in typhoid fever control, asymptomatic carriage of Salmonella Typhi in the gallbladder remains poorly understood. Aiming to understand if S. Typhi becomes genetically adapted for long-term colonisation in the gallbladder, we performed whole genome sequencing on a collection of S.

The First 100 Days of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Control in Vietnam.

Background: One hundred days after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first reported in Vietnam on 23 January, 270 cases were confirmed, with no deaths. We describe the control measures used by the government and their relationship with imported and domestically acquired case numbers, with the aim of identifying the measures associated with successful SARS-CoV-2 control.

Methods: Clinical and demographic data on the first 270 SARS-CoV-2 infected cases and the timing and nature of government control measures, including numbers of tests and quarantined individuals, were analyzed.

Commensal Escherichia coli are a reservoir for the transfer of XDR plasmids into epidemic fluoroquinolone-resistant Shigella sonnei.

Despite the sporadic detection of fluoroquinolone-resistant Shigella in Asia in the early 2000s and the subsequent global spread of ciprofloxacin-resistant (cipR) Shigella sonnei from 2010, fluoroquinolones remain the recommended therapy for shigellosis. The potential for cipR S. sonnei to develop resistance to alternative second-line drugs may further limit future treatment options.

Pig Exposure and Health Outcomes in Hospitalized Infectious Disease Patients in Vietnam.

Many infectious diseases have a zoonotic origin, and several have had major public health implications. Contact with animals is a known risk factor for zoonotic infections, although there are limited data on disease symptoms and pathogens associated with contact with different animal species. The rise in pig production in Southeast Asia has contributed to the emergence and re-emergence of zoonotic infections caused by contact with pigs and pig products.

Occupational Animal Contact in Southern and Central Vietnam.

Despite the global zoonotic disease burden, the underlying exposures that drive zoonotic disease emergence are not understood. Here, we aimed to assess exposures to potential sources of zoonotic disease and investigate the demographics, attitudes, and behavior of individuals with sustained occupational animal contact in Vietnam. We recruited 581 animal workers (animal-raising farmers, slaughterers, animal health workers, and rat traders) and their families in southern and central Vietnam into a cohort.

Dissecting the molecular evolution of fluoroquinolone-resistant Shigella sonnei.

Shigella sonnei increasingly dominates the international epidemiological landscape of shigellosis. Treatment options for S. sonnei are dwindling due to resistance to several key antimicrobials, including the fluoroquinolones.

Serological inference of past primary and secondary dengue infection: implications for vaccination.

Owing to the finding that Dengvaxia (the only licensed dengue vaccine to date) increases the risk of severe illness among seronegative recipients, the World Health Organization has recommended screening individuals for their serostatus prior to vaccination. To decide whether and how to carry out screening, it is necessary to estimate the transmission intensity of dengue and to understand the performance of the screening method. In this study, we inferred the annual force of infection (FOI; a measurement of transmission intensity) of dengue virus in three locations in Vietnam: An Giang (FOI = 0.