Hepsin regulates TGFβ signaling via fibronectin proteolysis.

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) is a multifunctional cytokine with a well-established role in mammary gland development and both oncogenic and tumor-suppressive functions. The extracellular matrix (ECM) indirectly regulates TGFβ activity by acting as a storage compartment of latent-TGFβ, but how TGFβ is released from the ECM via proteolytic mechanisms remains largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that hepsin, a type II transmembrane protease overexpressed in 70% of breast tumors, promotes canonical TGFβ signaling through the release of latent-TGFβ from the ECM storage compartment.

Publisher Correction: Pharmacological reactivation of MYC-dependent apoptosis induces susceptibility to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy.

The original version of this Article contained an error in Fig. 7. In panel b, the survival curves were shifted relative to the y axis.

Pharmacological reactivation of MYC-dependent apoptosis induces susceptibility to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy.

Elevated MYC expression sensitizes tumor cells to apoptosis but the therapeutic potential of this mechanism remains unclear. We find, in a model of MYC-driven breast cancer, that pharmacological activation of AMPK strongly synergizes with BCL-2/BCL-X inhibitors to activate apoptosis. We demonstrate the translational potential of an AMPK and BCL-2/BCL-X co-targeting strategy in ex vivo and in vivo models of MYC-high breast cancer.

A Finnish Meteorological Institute-Aerosol Cloud Interaction Tube (FMI-ACIT): Experimental setup and tests of proper operation.

The Finnish Meteorological Institute-Aerosol Cloud Interaction Tube (FMI-ACIT) is a multi-purpose instrument for investigating atmospherically relevant interactions between aerosol particles and water vapor under defined laboratory conditions. This work introduces an experimental setup of FMI-ACIT for investigation of the aerosol activation and the droplet growth under supersaturated conditions. Several simulations and experimental tests were conducted to find out what the proper operational parameters are.

The importance of radiological results in distal radius fracture operations: Functional outcome after long-term (6.5 years) follow-up.

Background And Aims: Whether or not radiological results correlate with functional outcome after operative treatment of distal radius fractures still remains controversial. We carried out a retrospective study to analyse the long-term (6.5 year) outcome of radius fractures treated by means of surgery in our hospital.

Patient injury claims involving fractures of the distal radius.

Background and purpose - Optimal treatment for distal radius fractures remains controversial, with a significant number of fractures resulting in complications and long-term morbidity. We investigated patient injury claims related to distal radius fractures to detect the critical steps in the treatment leading to avoidable adverse events Patients and methods - We analyzed all compensated patient injury claims in Finland between 2007 and 2011. Claims were collected from the Patient Insurance Center's (PIC) nationwide claim register.

Worldwide data sets constrain the water vapor uptake coefficient in cloud formation.

Cloud droplet formation depends on the condensation of water vapor on ambient aerosols, the rate of which is strongly affected by the kinetics of water uptake as expressed by the condensation (or mass accommodation) coefficient, αc. Estimates of αc for droplet growth from activation of ambient particles vary considerably and represent a critical source of uncertainty in estimates of global cloud droplet distributions and the aerosol indirect forcing of climate. We present an analysis of 10 globally relevant data sets of cloud condensation nuclei to constrain the value of αc for ambient aerosol.

CCN spectra, hygroscopicity, and droplet activation kinetics of secondary organic aerosol resulting from the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill.

Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) resulting from the oxidation of organic species emitted by the Deepwater Horizon oil spill were sampled during two survey flights conducted by a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration WP-3D aircraft in June 2010. A new technique for fast measurements of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) supersaturation spectra called Scanning Flow CCN Analysis was deployed for the first time on an airborne platform. Retrieved CCN spectra show that most particles act as CCN above (0.

Complications in the upper extremity following intra-arterial drug abuse.

A retrospective study of drug abuse patients who developed arterial and venous complications in the upper extremity during 2002-2006 was performed. Twenty-two patients were admitted to hospital on 24 occasions over this period for treatment by our hand clinic. The drug most frequently causing complications was midazolam.

Incidence, epidemiology, and operative outcome of replantation or revascularisation of injury to the upper extremity.

We retrospectively studied the epidemiology of adult patients admitted for possible replantation or revascularisation of an injured upper extremity during the period June 2003 to May 2008. A total of 121 patients were admitted (71 graded severe), mean 24 (14 graded severe), being admitted each year. The annual rate of amputation injuries in the referral area of 1.

Evolution of organic aerosols in the atmosphere.

Organic aerosol (OA) particles affect climate forcing and human health, but their sources and evolution remain poorly characterized. We present a unifying model framework describing the atmospheric evolution of OA that is constrained by high-time-resolution measurements of its composition, volatility, and oxidation state. OA and OA precursor gases evolve by becoming increasingly oxidized, less volatile, and more hygroscopic, leading to the formation of oxygenated organic aerosol (OOA), with concentrations comparable to those of sulfate aerosol throughout the Northern Hemisphere.

A handheld nerve conduction measuring device in carpal tunnel syndrome.

Objectives: The diagnostic utility and reliability of an easy-to-operate novel handheld nerve conduction tester in carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) were evaluated.

Materials And Methods: Using the test device, the sensory nerve conductions (SNC) in the median and ulnar nerves were compared with each other in 194 patients with suspected CTS and 95 healthy controls. The test device results were compared with the results of nerve conduction studies (NCS) with traditional instrumentation.

Distal patellar tendinosis: an unusual form of jumper's knee.

Jumper's knee is a common problem in athletes participating in sports that involve running and jumping. Typically activity related pain is felt at the proximal insertion of the patellar tendon. Symptoms and findings in the more distal parts of the patellar tendon are unusual.

Recovery of muscle strength after late repair of distal biceps brachii tendon.

Background And Aims: Ruptures of the distal part of the biceps brachii tendon are rare. The diagnosis is often delayed and only late repair can be considered. In this study, the recovery of muscle strength after late repair of the distal biceps brachii tendon was evaluated.

A novel treatment of grade III acromioclavicular joint dislocations with a C-hook implant.

Introduction: This study evaluates the results of the new surgical treatment of complete acromioclavicular (ac) dislocations using coracoclavicular (cc) fixation with a shape memory metal C-hook implant.

Materials And Methods: Fifteen patients were prospectively analyzed. They all had a Tossy III ac dislocation due to trauma.

Use of bioabsorbable osteofixation devices in the hand.

Bioabsorbable internal fixation by means of pins, tacks, screws and miniplates offers an alternative to metallic osteofixation for the stabilization of small bone fractures, osteotomies, ligament injuries and fusions in the hand. The advantages of using them include avoidance of metallic-implant-related long-term complications and a secondary removal operation. Currently the most commonly used devices are made of poly L-lactide (PLLA) and copolymers of polylactides (P(L/DL)LA) and polyglycolide (PLGA).

Successful treatment of scaphoid fractures and nonunions using bioabsorbable screws: report of six cases.

Purpose: A variety of implants have been used for the fixation of scaphoid fractures, but we have found no reports on bioabsorbable screws used for this purpose. We report 6 cases of scaphoid fractures treated with bioabsorbable screws.

Methods: Six patients with scaphoid waist region fractures (3) and nonunions (3) treated using bioabsorbable self-reinforced poly-L-lactide screws.

Composite implant of native bovine bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), collagen carrier and biocoral in the treatment of resistant ulnar nonunions: report of five preliminary cases.

Introduction: Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) has been shown to induce bone formation and union in long bone defects and nonunions. There are, however, no previous reports of BMP being used for ulnar nonunions. We report on five cases of resistant ulnar nonunions treated with a composite implant consisting of a biocoral frame, collagen carrier, and bovine BMP.

Stabilization of acute, complete acromioclavicular joint dislocations with a new C hook implant.

Although coracoclavicular fixation is currently popular for type III acromioclavicular (AC) dislocations, a surgical gold standard is lacking. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the preliminary outcome of surgical treatment of complete AC dislocations with a new nitinol C hook implant. When the implant is cooled (<5 degrees C), it softens enough to be easily inserted under the coracoid process with a hole drilled in the clavicle.

Bioabsorbable miniplating versus metallic fixation for metacarpal fractures.

Bioabsorbable implants offer an attractive alternative to metallic implants to stabilize small bone fractures in the hand. Self-reinforced bioabsorbable miniplating for metacarpal fractures was studied in bones from cadavers and compared with standard metallic fixation methods. One hundred twelve fresh-frozen metacarpals from humans had three-point bending and torsional loading after transverse osteotomy followed by fixation using seven methods: (1) dorsal and (2) dorsolateral 2-mm self-reinforced polylactide-polyglycolide 80/20 plating, (3) dorsal and (4) dorsolateral 2-mm self-reinforced poly-L/DL-lactide 70/30 plating, (5) dorsal 1.

Self-reinforced bioabsorbable versus metallic fixation systems for metacarpal and phalangeal fractures: a biomechanical study.

Bioabsorbable fixation devices offer a useful option to treat small bone fractures of the hand if the prerequisite of reliable and stable osteofixation is met. We compared the stabilities of various bioabsorbable fixation devices with metallic fixation devices by using an oblique osteotomy model in radial to ulnar orientation. The 1.

Composite implant of native bovine bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and biocoral in the treatment of scaphoid nonunions--a preliminary study.

Background And Aims: Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) has been shown to induce bone formation and union in long bone defects and nonunions. We report a preliminary study of a composite implant consisting of a biocoral frame, carrier collagen and bovine BMP in the treatment of scaphoid nonunions.

Material And Methods: Two proximal and eight waist area scaphoid nonunions were treated using BMP/coral implant combined with either the Matti-Russe procedure (2 cases) or an interpositional bone graft fixed with screws or compression fixation pins (8 cases).