Outcomes of cesarean delivery in placenta accreta: conservative delivery vs. cesarean hysterectomy.

Objectives: To compare delivery outcomes of pregnancies diagnosed with placenta-accreta-syndrome (PAS) who underwent conservative treatment to patients who underwent cesarean hysterectomy.

Methods: A retrospective study of all women diagnosed with PAS treated in one tertiary medical center between 03/2011 and 11/2020 was performed. Comparison was made between conservative management during cesarean delivery and cesarean hysterectomy.

Long-term Safety and Immunogenicity of a Tetravalent Dengue Vaccine Candidate in Children and Adults: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 2 Study.

Background: We report long-term safety and immunogenicity of Takeda's tetravalent dengue vaccine candidate (TAK-003) in healthy children and adults living in dengue-endemic areas in Puerto Rico, Columbia, Singapore, and Thailand.

Methods: In part 1 of this phase 2, randomized, placebo-controlled trial we sequentially enrolled 1.5-45 year olds (n = 148) into 4 age-descending groups, randomized 2:1 to receive 2 doses of TAK-003 or placebo 90 days apart.

A phase 1 study of safety and immunogenicity following intradermal administration of a tetravalent dengue vaccine candidate.

Background: As part of the ongoing search for an effective dengue vaccine, Takeda performed a phase 1b study to investigate the safety and immunogenicity of an early low-dose tetravalent dengue vaccine candidate formulation (LD-TDV), based on an attenuated serotype 2 backbone, when administered intradermally with an injector device (PharmaJet®), or needle-syringe.

Methods: The study was performed in two centers in the US, in healthy 18-45 year old subjects with no history of dengue vaccination or disease. One or two vaccine doses were given on Day 0, and another dose or placebo on Day 90.

Combining the G-protein-coupled receptor 40 agonist fasiglifam with sitagliptin improves glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes with or without metformin: A randomized, 12-week trial.

Aims: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of fasiglifam, an orally active G-protein-coupled receptor 40 agonist, in combination with the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin, in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with diet/exercise (± metformin).

Materials And Methods: In this randomized, double-blind, phase II study, 368 patients received once-daily placebo, sitagliptin 100 mg, fasiglifam 25 or 50 mg, or the combination of sitagliptin 100 mg plus fasiglifam 25 or 50 mg. The primary endpoint was change from baseline glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) at 12 weeks; a key secondary endpoint was change in fasting plasma glucose (FPG).

Safety and Immunogenicity of a Tetravalent Dengue Vaccine Candidate in Healthy Children and Adults in Dengue-Endemic Regions: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Phase 2 Study.

Background: A safe, effective tetravalent dengue vaccine is a global health priority. The safety and immunogenicity of a live attenuated, recombinant tetravalent dengue vaccine candidate (TDV) were evaluated in healthy volunteers from dengue-endemic countries.

Methods: This multicenter, double-blind, phase 2 study was conducted in Puerto Rico, Colombia, Singapore, and Thailand.

Safety and immunogenicity of different doses and schedules of a live attenuated tetravalent dengue vaccine (TDV) in healthy adults: A Phase 1b randomized study.

Introduction: A safe, effective dengue vaccine that can simultaneously induce immunity to all four dengue virus serotypes (DENV-1-4) is a public health priority. A chimeric tetravalent dengue vaccine (TDV) based on an attenuated DENV-2 serotype backbone was evaluated in healthy, flavivirus-seronegative adults.

Methods: In this randomized, multicenter, Phase 1b study conducted in the United States, the safety and immunogenicity of TDV were evaluated in 140 participants aged 18-45 years in six dosing regimen study groups.

Effects of pioglitazone on bone in postmenopausal women with impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

Context: Meta-analyses of clinical studies have suggested an increased incidence of peripheral fractures in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus taking pioglitazone. The mechanism behind this apparent increase is unknown.

Objective: The objective of the study was to examine the effects of pioglitazone on bone mineral density (BMD) and turnover.

Multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial assessing the efficacy and safety of proton pump inhibitor lansoprazole in infants with symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease.

Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of lansoprazole in treating infants with symptoms attributed to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) that have persisted despite a >or= 1-week course of nonpharmacologic management.

Study Design: This multicenter, double-blind, parallel-group study randomized infants with persisting symptoms attributed to GERD to treatment with lansoprazole or placebo for 4 weeks. Symptoms were tracked through daily diaries and weekly visits.

Safety and pharmacodynamics of lansoprazole in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease aged <1 year.

Background: The use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in pediatric patients <1 year of age is increasing. However, few studies with PPIs have been reported in such patients.

Objectives: To assess the effect of once-daily lansoprazole on safety and to characterize the pharmacodynamic profile of lansoprazole in a subset of subjects <1 year of age.

Piggybacking intraocular implants to correct pseudophakic refractive error.

Objective: To determine the safety and efficacy of implanting a second intraocular lens (IOL) to correct pseudophakic refractive error.

Design: Noncomparative, prospective, consecutive case series.

Participants: Eight eyes of eight normal pseudophakes and seven eyes of seven postpenetrating keratoplasty (PK) pseudophakes were included in the study.

Safety and efficacy of intracameral injections of unpreserved lidocaine to reduce intraocular sensation.

Purpose: To determine the safety and efficacy of intracameral injections of unpreserved lidocaine to reduce intraocular sensation.

Setting: Carolina Eye Associates, Southern Pines, North Carolina, USA.

Methods: In this prospective study, 100 patients having phacoemulsification under topical anesthesia were randomly assigned to receive an intracameral injection of unpreserved lidocaine (0.

Unpreserved lidocaine to control discomfort during cataract surgery using topical anesthesia.

Purpose: To determine whether intraoperative unpreserved lidocaine further decrease discomfort or pain during sutureless small incision cataract surgery and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation under topical anesthesia.

Setting: Outpatient ambulatory surgical center.

Methods: In this prospective controlled study, comparable eligible patients were randomized to receive 0.

Corneal thickness variation during eight-incision radial keratotomy.

Purpose: To determine the degree of corneal thickness variability that may be encountered during routine radial keratotomy (RK) surgery.

Setting: Office refractive surgical suite. Laurel Eye Clinic, Brookville, Pennsylvania.

Efficacy and safety of excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy and radial keratotomy for bilateral myopia.

Purpose: To compare the safety and efficacy of radial keratotomy (RK) and photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) to correct myopia.

Methods: In this randomized, prospective, parallel-group study, 33 patients with bilateral myopia of 1.00 to 5.

Small incision surgery with the STAAR Elastimide three-piece posterior chamber intraocular lens.

One hundred twelve patients scheduled for uncomplicated cataract removal were randomly assigned to receive a STAAR Elastimide three-piece foldable intraocular lens inserted through a 4.0 mm incision or a STAAR poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) lens inserted through a 7.0 mm incision.

Long-term (5- to 12-year) follow-up of metal-blade radial keratotomy procedures.

Objective: To evaluate the long-term stability of the refractive outcome after metal-blade radial keratotomy procedures.

Design: A cohort of 146 patients who underwent 225 consecutive metal-blade radial keratotomy procedures that were performed under a uniform protocol between November 1979 and August 1981 was monitored prospectively, with 64% of the patients followed up for at least 5 years.

Main Outcome Measures: Changes in spherical equivalent and changes in average keratometry were evaluated within the following periods: 3 months to 1 year; 1 to 2 years; 2 to between 3 and 4 years (mean, 3.

Changing practice patterns in refractive surgery: results of a survey of the American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery.

A questionnaire on refractive surgical practice was sent to the entire membership of the American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery in 1992. One thousand eight hundred and forty-one (1,841) of the 4,950 members returned the survey for a response rate of 37.2%.

Implantation in children.

With the development of posterior chamber lenses and continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis, and with the availability of viscoelastic agents, the use of intraocular lenses (IOLs) in children is becoming more popular. Since 1982, we have implanted posterior chamber IOLs (PC-IOLs) in the capsular bags of 61 cataractous eyes of 46 children and adolescents. The goal was in-the-bag placement facilitated by the use of a small capsulectomy, and, since 1984, by the use of the continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis.

Effect of a superficial and a deep scleral pocket incision on the incidence of hyphema.

Deep tunnel scleral pocket incisions were developed to control surgically induced astigmatism following cataract and intraocular lens implantation surgery. A more superficial, shallow scleral pocket incision was developed to reduce the rate of postoperative hyphema. To test its effectiveness, a randomized prospective clinical study was performed.

Effect of posterior chamber intraocular lens design and surgical placement on postoperative outcome.

Intraocular lens (IOL) design, optical configuration, and placement have potential effects on postoperative outcome. Laboratory studies have suggested that one-piece, biconvex designs may reduce or delay posterior capsular opacification and that in-the-bag fixation of the posterior chamber IOL may reduce inflammation. To document the clinical significance of IOL design and placement, we conducted a randomized, prospective, clinical trial.

Effect of suture material on postoperative astigmatism.

Two hundred patients were enrolled in a randomized, prospective clinical trial comparing the use of 10-0 nylon, 10-0 polypropylene (Prolene), 11-0 polyester (Mersilene), and 10-0 polyethylene (Novafil) suture materials on the amount and decay curves of surgically induced astigmatism following intraocular lens (IOL) surgery. Patients with Mersilene and nylon sutures had the highest amounts of induced with-the-rule (WTR) cylinder (significantly more than Prolene) at one day after surgery. However, the WTR cylinder decayed rapidly for nylon during the first three months but more slowly for Mersilene because of its lack of stretchability.

Hyperopic thermokeratoplasty: clinical evaluation.

A new procedure, hyperopic thermokeratoplasty (HTK), developed in the Soviet Union for the correction of hyperopia, uses controlled thermal burns of the corneal stroma with a retractable probe tip preset to penetrate the cornea at 95% depth. The coagulations are applied in a radial pattern for spherical hyperopia. Only the peripheral cornea is treated and the effect is titrated by varying the optical zone and number of rays.

Visual and refractive results of multifocal intraocular lenses.

One hundred forty-nine selected patients with bilateral multifocal intraocular lenses (IOLs) were evaluated and compared retrospectively with 131 patients with bilateral monofocal IOLs. Seventy-eight percent of multifocal cases and 74.8% of monofocal cases had uncorrected visual acuity of 20/40 or better.

Effect of thermokeratoplasty on corneal curvature.

A cadaver eye model was used to evaluate and quantify the use of thermokeratoplasty for steepening the central cornea to correct hyperopia. Four groups of eye-bank eyes were treated with four separate surgical plans. Each plan involved the placement of controlled thermal burns (in the depths of the corneal stroma, using a cautery probe) applied in a radial pattern up to a premarked optical zone.