Automated Quantification of Eye Tics Using Computer Vision and Deep Learning Techniques.

Background: Tourette syndrome (TS) tics are typically quantified using "paper and pencil" rating scales that are susceptible to factors that adversely impact validity. Video-based methods to more objectively quantify tics have been developed but are challenged by reliance on human raters and procedures that are resource intensive. Computer vision approaches that automate detection of atypical movements may be useful to apply to tic quantification.

Marked Subchondral Bandlike Osteopenia on Radiography after Trauma and Inactivity: A Report of four Cases.

We report about four cases of marked subchondral osteopenia on followup radiography after trauma and prolonged disuse. This localized form of disuse osteopenia has not been reported in details beside the followup imaging of talar neck fractures, where it is known as the "Hawkins sign." Due to its unique morphology, it can be easily recognized as a benign finding in posttraumatic followup imaging and can be morphologically distinguished from severe complications like complex regional pain syndrome type 1 (Sudeck's disease) or periarticular osteopenia in infectious arthritis.

Does total disc arthroplasty in C3/C4-segments change the kinematic features of axial rotation?

We analyze how kinematic properties of C3/C4-segments are modified after total disc arthroplasty (TDA) with PRESTIGE(®) and BRYAN(®) Cervical Discs. The measurements were focused on small ranges of axial rotation (<0.8°) in order to investigate physiologic rotations, which frequently occur in vivo.

Informatics in radiology: use of a C-arm fluoroscopy simulator to support training in intraoperative radiography.

Mobile image intensifier systems (C-arms) are used frequently in orthopedic and reconstructive surgery, especially in trauma and emergency settings, but image quality and radiation exposure levels may vary widely, depending on the extent of the C-arm operator's knowledge and experience. Current training programs consist mainly of theoretical instruction in C-arm operation, the physical foundations of radiography, and radiation avoidance, and are largely lacking in hands-on application. A computer-based simulation program such as that tested by the authors may be one way to improve the effectiveness of C-arm training.

Visualization of transcoronary ablation of septal hypertrophy in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy: a comparison between cardiac MRI, invasive measurements and echocardiography.

Objective: Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) is treated by surgical myectomy or transcoronary ablation of septal hypertrophy (TASH). The aim of this study was to visualize the feasibility, success and short-term results of TASH on the basis of cardiac MRI (CMR) in comparison with cardiac catheterization and echocardiography.

Methods: In this in vivo study, nine patients with HOCM were treated with TASH.

Axial rotation in the lumbar spine following axial force wrench.

The report presents measurements of axial rotation of lumbar motion segments (L1/L2, L3/L4, L4/L5), particularly with small angles of rotation (in the range of +/-1 degrees) following axial force wrenches. The investigation focussed on determining the influence of geometrically varying configurations in axial wrench (consisting of axial torque and axial force) applied on the kinematics (as defined by the migrating instantaneous helical axis, IHA) of lumbar motion segments under constant resulting axial force, and relating IHA-migration to anatomical structures. In all segments, IHA migrated over several centimetres (up to 6 cm).

[Mesh shrinkage in hernia surgery: data from a prospective randomized double-blinded clinical study].

Objectives: According to an estimated mesh shrinkage following hernia repair of up to 40% a current dogma in hernia surgery requires a mesh overlap of 5 cm around the hernia. However, no valid data addressing this problem of mesh shrinkage are available at present.

Patients And Methods: Within the framework of a prospective randomized double-blinded clinical trial, 50 patients were operated on for a ventral abdominal hernia with the open sublay technique using specially prepared radio-opaque polypropylene (PP) meshes.

Migration of the instantaneous axis of motion during axial rotation in lumbar segments and role of the zygapophysial joints.

The biomechanical role of the zygapophysial joints was investigated for axial rotations of lumbar segments by recording the positions of the instantaneous helical axis (IHA) against the axial rotational angle and by relating these IHA-positions to anatomical landmarks. Cyclically varying pure axial moments were applied to 3 L1/L2, 7 L3/L4 and 3 L4/L5 segments. There were 800 segment positions per cycle taken by a custom-made high precision 3D-position measuring system.

Acute aortic dissection type A discloses Corpus alienum.

We report an unusual case of an aortic type A dissection with a corpus alienum which compresses the right ventricle. The patient successfully underwent an aortic root replacement in deep hypothermia with re-implantation of the coronary arteries using a modified Bentall procedure and the resection of the corpus alienum. Intraoperative finding reveals 3 greatly adhered gauze compresses, which were most likely forgotten in the operation 34 years ago.

Non-linearity of flexion-extension characteristics in spinal segments.

Spinal biomechanics is still known just fragmentary since the only description by angle-torque characteristics without simultaneous recording of migration of the instantaneous helical axis (IHA) is not sufficient. Time-dependent flexion/extension following a cyclic laterally directed torque was measured at all six degrees of freedom by a highly precise custom-made 6D apparatus. In order to enhance the localizing resolution of IHA migration as the function of the flexional/extensional angle, small ranges of motion (ROM) were used at several degrees of pre-extension.

Multicultural psychiatric education: using the DSM-IV-TR Outline for Cultural Formulation to improve resident cultural competence.

Objective: The authors present a 9-week multicultural competence course organized around the DSM-IV-TR Outline for Cultural Formulation.

Method: The course alternated large group lectures with experiential small group discussions to acquire knowledge, develop skills, and explore attitudes. The authors evaluated the effectiveness of the course on residents' training and application of multicultural knowledge, skills, and attitudes.

virtX - evaluation of a computer-based training system for mobile C-arm systems in trauma and orthopedic surgery.

Objectives: Operating room personnel (ORP) operating mobile image intensifier systems (C-arms) need training to produce high quality radiographs with a minimum of time and X-ray exposure. Our study aims at evaluating acceptance, usability and learning effect of the CBT system virtX that simulates C-arm based X-ray imaging in the context of surgical case scenarios.

Methods: Prospective, interventional study conducted during an ORP course with three groups: intervention group 1 (training on a PC using virtX), and 2 (virtX with a C-arm as input device), and a control group (training without virtX) - IV1, IV2 and CG.

Beta-blockade does not alter plasma cytokine concentrations and ventricular function in young adults with right ventricular dysfunction secondary to operated congenital heart disease.

Background: Right heart failure is a major problem of young adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD) that has been corrected by cardiac surgery. In left ventricular dysfunction (LVD), beta-blocker therapy improved cytokine concentrations and clinical status. Thus, the effect of bisoprolol on clinical status and plasma cytokine concentrations in ACHD patients with right heart failure after surgical correction for Tetralogy of Fallot was investigated.

Pectin does not inhibit intestinal carcinogenesis in APC-deficient Min/+ mice.

APC-germline mutation creates predisposition for intestinal tumorigenesis. APCMin/+ mice, developing tumors preferentially in the small intestine and only minimally in the colon, were fed pectin-enriched diets (10% galacturonan; degree of methoxylation=37.0 and 70.

A prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial of beta-blockade in patients who have undergone surgical correction of tetralogy of Fallot.

Aims: Our purpose was to evaluate the effect of a treatment over six months with bisoprolol on the surrogate parameters of N-Terminal-pro brain natriuretic peptide, subsequently to be described as brain natriuretic peptide, peak uptake of oxygen, and ventricular function assessed by magnetic resonance imaging in grown ups and adults who had undergone surgical correction of tetralogy of Fallot.

Methods And Results: We designed a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial. We enrolled 33 patients, aged 30.

Structural and mechanistic insights into nerve growth factor interactions with the TrkA and p75 receptors.

Nerve growth factor engages two structurally distinct transmembrane receptors, TrkA and p75, which have been proposed to create a "high-affinity" NGF binding site through formation of a ternary TrkA/NGF/p75 complex. To define a structural basis for the high-affinity site, we have determined the three-dimensional structure of a complete extracellular domain of TrkA complexed with NGF. The complex reveals a crab-shaped homodimeric TrkA structure, but a mechanism for p75 coordination is not obvious.

[Residual particle free rough surfaces after rough blasting with steel grit in total hip arthroplasty].

Introduction: Several shot peening and grit blasting techniques are used to modify the surface in the production of hip endoprostheses. A number of publications in maxillo- facial- surgery and orthopedic surgery demonstrated significant contamination on alumina blasted surfaces. Latest research studies suspected an association between surface contamination and early failure of endoprostheses associated with third body wear.

[Residual particle free surfaces after shot peening in modular hip arthroplasty are feasible].

Introduction: Shot peening with steel balls is used for introduction of compressive stress in the production of morse taper junctions of modular hip endoprostheses. After this procedure, significant contamination with residual particles can be detected, which may lead to increased corrosion and third body wear. Additionally, the European norm EN 12010 requires surfaces free of residual particles.

Effects of job development and job support on competitive employment of persons with severe mental illness.

Objectives: Few studies have sought to determine which specific supported employment services improve employment outcomes for people with pyschiatric disabilities. This study examined the effects of job development and job support among other services on acquisition and retention of competitive employment.

Methods: Data used in the analysis came from seven sites of the Employment Intervention Demonstration Program.