Effect of Copper on the Function of Isolated Porcine Kidneys Stored Using Simple Hypothermia.

Renal ischemia in the peri-transplant period causes a number of changes that adversely affect the initiation of normal vital functions in grafts after transplantation. To minimise the extent of ischemic damage, organs are stored in preservation fluid. The components of the fluid are supposed to ensure stabilisation of the cell cytoskeleton, protect against oxygen free radicals, reduce cell swelling, and ensure endothelial cell integrity.

Effect of Manganese on the Efficacy of Preservative Solution in Protecting Isolated Porcine Kidneys.

Background: Manganese is a bioelement essential for the proper functioning of the body. Mn is a cofactor for many enzymes, including manganese superoxide dismutase. Together with the enzymes, it participates in cell defense against reactive oxygen species, immune response, and energy production in mitochondria.

Effectiveness Assessment of a Modified Preservation Solution Containing Thyrotropin or Follitropin Based on Biochemical Analysis in Perfundates and Homogenates of Isolated Porcine Kidneys after Static Cold Storage.

In this paper, we assess the nephroprotective effects of thyrotropin and follitropin during ischaemia. The studies were performed in vitro in a model of isolated porcine kidneys stored in Biolasol (FZNP, Biochefa, Sosnowiec, Poland) and modified Biolasol (TSH: 1 µg/L; FSH 1 µg/L). We used the static cold storage method.

Biochemical Studies in Perfundates and Homogenates of Isolated Porcine Kidneys after Flushing with Zinc or Zinc-Prolactin Modified Preservation Solution Using a Static Cold Storage Technique.

Zinc is an effective anti-inflammatory and antioxidant trace element. The aim of this study was to analyse the protective effect of zinc and zinc-prolactin systems as additives of preservation solutions in the prevention of nephron damage caused during ischemia. The study used a model for storing isolated porcine kidneys in Biolasol.

Preparation of Sterile Raw Material - Chicken Eggshells in the Process of their Transformation into Selected Calcium Salts.

Background: The chicken eggshells and their subcrustal membranes are a valuable source of calcium, but they are not further processed but disposed of as waste from the food industry. Chicken eggshells have high content (>95%) of calcium carbonate. Some properties suggest that eggshells may be a promising alternative to the present calcium sources used in the pharmaceutical industry.

Therapeutic Potential of Selenium as a Component of Preservation Solutions for Kidney Transplantation.

Selenium has strong antioxidant properties and diverse effects on the immune system. The aim of the study was to analyse the protective effect of selenium as a component of a kidney preservation solution on the prevention of ischemia-reperfusion injury of nephrons. The solution was modified by the addition of Se (1 µg/L), prolactin (0.

Influence of Concentration on Release and Permeation Process of Model Peptide Substance-Corticotropin-From Semisolid Formulations.

The transdermal route of administration of drug substances allows clinicians to obtain a therapeutic effect bypassing the gastrointestinal tract, where the active substance could be inactivated. The hormonal substance used in the study-corticotropin (ACTH)-shows systemic effects. Therefore, the study of the effect of the type of ointment base and drug concentration on the release rate and also permeation rate in in vivo simulated conditions may be a valuable source of information for clinical trials to effectively optimize corticotropin treatment.

Development and Study of Semi-Solid Preparations Containing the Model Substance Corticotropin (ACTH): Convenience Application in Neurodegenerative Diseases.

Corticotropin (ACTH, previously an adrenocorticotropic hormone) is used in the diagnosis and treatment of pituitary gland disorders, adrenal cortex disorders, and other diseases, including autoimmune polymyositis, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis. So far, the ointment dosage form containing ACTH for use on the skin is unknown. Therefore, it seems appropriate to develop a semi-solid formulation with corticotropin.

Effect of Lutropin Concentration on the Efficiency of Isolated Porcine Kidney Storage in Modified Biolasol Solution.

Background: Lutropin, a luteinizing hormone (LH), is a glycoprotein hormone secreted by gonadotropic cells of the anterior pituitary gland. LH receptors are a promising therapeutic target. The aim of the study was to analyze the protective effect of LH as a component of preservation solutions on the prevention of ischemia-reperfusion injury in isolated porcine kidneys.

The Effectiveness of Rinsing Organs With Selected Preservation Solutions Based on the Analysis of Their Physicochemical Parameters.

Background: One of the key elements of successful transplantation is effectively rinsing off the blood and preserving organs under controlled hypothermia. The aim of the study was to analyze the physicochemical parameters of Biolasol (Biochefa, Sosnowiec, Poland) and histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate (HTK) (Custodiol) solutions, which are recommended for perfusion and preservation of abdominal parenchymal organs.

Methods: Biolasol and HTK solution were used for the study.

Penetration of model hormones through the pericardium in simulated conditions in vivo.

The process of penetration of selected protein-peptide substances including insulin (INS), corticotropin (ACTH), prolactin (PRL) and albumin (reference protein) through the model membrane - pig pericardium was traced. These substances show a wide spectrum of therapeutic effects and diverse physicochemical properties (molecular weight, pI). The model substances penetrated the pericardium in simulated in vivo conditions from 1.

Effectiveness of absorption and passage through the small intestine, as a model of oral prolactin administration.

The process of absorption and permeation of PRL through the small intestine of 1-day-old piglet from the different compositions of solutions prepared for oral administration was investigated. This was achieved by determining the effect of hormone concentration (0.25 mg / ml or 0.

The Effect of Modified Biolasol Solution on the Efficacy of Storing Isolated Porcine Kidneys.

Biolasol is a newly developed solution for storing the liver, pancreas, kidneys, and heart by simple hypothermia. It exhibits high efficacy in maintaining structural and functional integrity of the graft prior to its transplantation. The solution was modified by the addition of ascorbic acid (0.

Comparison of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Concentration in Porcine Kidneys Removed From Living Donors After Cardiac and Brain Death.

The aim of this paper was to describe the differences in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) concentration in porcine kidneys removed from living donors (group I), donors after prior induction of brain death by brain herniation (group II), and donors after cardiopulmonary arrest (group III). The groups consisted of 6 animals which underwent dual renal removal procedures; kidneys were rinsed, stored for 24 hours at 4°C and rinsed again. Renal specimens (4g) were collected before and after perfusion (time 0 and 1), after 12 hours (time 2), and after reperfusion (time 3).

Effect of Prolactin on Biochemical and Morphological Parameters of Rabbit Liver in Warm Ischemia.

Background: The aim of the study was to assess the degree of liver damage in a rabbit perfused with histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate (HTK [Custodiol]) solution with and without the presence of prolactin (PRL) based on biochemical studies in perfundate and ultrastructural analysis of hepatocytes.

Materials And Methods: The experiment was carried out on rabbits. Liver ischemia was used in the study, based on Pringle's maneuver.

New Sources of Calcium (Chicken Eggshells, Chelates) - Preparation of Raw Material and Tablets.

Background: There are many calcium supplements available in the market, especially those containing calcium in the form of carbonate, which unfortunately is not absorbed by the body to a sufficient degree.

Method: Therefore, an attempt was made to prepare new sources of calcium, consuming the chicken eggshells as natural raw materials, which were used in preparation of tablets containing calcium carbonate and calcium citrate as well as tablets with calcium carbonate and calcium bisglycinate. The influence of raw material properties on the pharmaceutical availability of calcium from the obtained tablets was investigated.

Tips for optimizing organ preservation solutions.

Organ injury during ischemia is one of the clinical problems of today's transplantation. It occurs during warm ischemia time (WIT) when the blood flow is cut off and during cold ischemia when a graft is chilled in situ until the circulation is restored to the recipient organism. Fast cooling of the organ slows down metabolism and activates intracellular enzymes, which minimizes the effects of warm ischemia.

Influence of plasma on the physical properties of ointments with quercetin.

Effects of two independent variables - the content of quercetin (0 or 1 or 1.5 or 5 %) and the content of plasma (0 or 2 or 4 or 6 %) - on the organoleptic properties and rheological parameters of model formulations prepared on an amphiphilic base were estimated. The consistency of all ointments was uniform, and the content of quercetin and plasma lay within the predefined range.

Concentration of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and Interleukin-1β in Isolated Porcine Liver Depending on Type of Transgenesis.

Background: Transgenic animals may serve as organ donors in human organ transplantation. However, the number of the studies addressing all doubts related to this issue is currently insufficient for the clinical application of this approach. The aim of this study was to analyze the hepatic tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) synthesis during a 24-hour cold preservation of the transgenic pig liver, depending on the type of transgenesis.

Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase and Endothelin-1 Expression in the Early Post-Porcine Kidney Autotransplantation Period.

Background: The aim of this study was the assessment of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and endothelin-1 (EDN-1) expression in porcine kidneys on the 14th and 30th days after the autotransplantation procedure.

Methods: The research was conducted on 12 animals that underwent a left renal transplantation procedure with further standardized rinsing and 24-hour storage in 4°C; subsequently, the kidneys were implanted in the right retroperitoneal space after right-sided nephrectomy. Removed kidneys were examined (group 0).

Caspase-3 Expression and ALT, AST, and GGT Activity After 24 Hours of Porcine Liver Cold Storage, Depending on the Type of Transgenesis.

Background: Because of an insufficient number of human organs for transplantation, xenotransplantation may become an effective alternative. We aimed to analyze if the type of transgenesis has an influence on the hepatic caspase-3 expression, the enzyme that executes apoptosis as well as ALT, AST, and GGT activity after 24 hours of cold storage.

Methods: The experiment was carried out on the 24 livers of Polish White Landrace pigs carrying human α1,2-fucosyltransferase and/or α-galactosidase (GAL) genes and livers without this genetic modification (control).

Effect of Recombinant Human Prolactin Addition to Biolasol Solution on Biochemical Indicators in Perfundates of Porcine Kidneys.

Background: The influence of recombinant human prolactin (rh-PRL) added to Biolasol solution (concentration 1 μg/L) on selected markers (pH, osmolarity, Na(I) and K(I) concentration) and enzymatic activity (alanine aminotransferase [ALT], aspartate aminotransferase [AST], and lactate dehydrogenase [LDH]) in perfundates was investigated during flushing and preservation of the isolated porcine kidneys.

Methods: The pH, osmolarity, concentration of K(I) and Na(I), and enzymatic activity were determined in perfundates collected after the 5th and 30th minutes of perfusion, after 24 hours of organ preservation, and in the 5th and 30th minutes of reperfusion. Kidneys had been flushed and stored in Biolasol (control group) and in Biolasol with rh-PRL (experimental group).

Release of selected amino acids from zinc carriers.

The paper deals with the results of an investigation of the release of selected amino acids (histidine, tryptophan, tyrosine) from model suspensions prepared by co-precipitation with zinc chloride. It has been proven that the influence of the Zn(II)/amino acid molar ratio on dissolution profiles of the tested amino acids and dissolution half-life (t1/2) of histidine or tryptophan is significant. The amount of amino acid in the dispersed phase (supporting dose) is a determinant of the amino acid release profile.

Pharmacokinetics and Bioavailability of the GnRH Analogs in the Form of Solution and Zn-Suspension After Single Subcutaneous Injection in Female Rats.

Background And Objectives: Although many synthetic gonadoliberin analogs have been developed, only a few of them, including buserelin, were introduced into clinical practice. Dalarelin, which differs from buserelin by just one aminoacid in the position 6 (D-Ala), is not widely used so far. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogs are used to treat many different illnesses and are available in different forms like solution for injection, nasal spray, microspheres, etc.

Distribution in Rats Internal Organs of Intraperitoneally Given 125I-Labeled Heptapeptide [2-8]-Leucopyrokinin ([2-8]-LPK), a Truncated Analog of Insect Neuropeptide Leucopyrokinin.

Background: It was previously found that synthetic, insect-derived octapeptide leucopyrokinin (LPK) applied directly into the lateral brain ventricle induced a significant antinociceptive effect in rats. Its synthetic truncated analog heptapeptide [2-8]-leucopyrokinin displayed a stronger antinociceptive effect in comparison to native LPK. Moreover it was previously found a high accumulation of these both 125I-labeled peptides in adrenals, as well as in hypothalamus and in hippocampus of rats brain.