In vitro metabolism of the nephrotoxicant N-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)succinimide in the Fischer 344 rat and New Zealand white rabbit.

1. The nephrotoxicant N-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)succinimide (NDPS) underwent nonenzymatic hydrolysis to N-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)succinamic acid (NDPSA) in buffer, rat liver and kidney homogenates, and rabbit liver homogenates. 2.

Use of Teflon stents for lymphovenous anastomosis.

The treatment of lymphoedema is difficult; conservative and surgical management show variable results. Lymphovenous anastomoses (LVAs) in experimental animals and patients give poor results in the treatment of primary lymphoedema and variable results in that of secondary lymphoedema. Conventional sutured LVAs were compared with anastomoses using polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon) stents; 32 sutured and 21 stented LVAs were constructed in 16 rabbits with normal lymphatics.

In situ venous valve construction.

A technique of in situ deep venous valve construction based on vein wall intussusception is described. The technique has been used to construct a size-matched, autogenous valve in the femoral vein of the dog. Forty-one valves have been constructed.

Repair and replacement of deep vein valves in the treatment of venous insufficiency.

Venous insufficiency is a widespread condition, the prevalence of venous ulceration being 0.5-1.0 per cent in Western populations.

Effects of cigarette smoke, carbon monoxide and nicotine on the uptake of fibrinogen by the canine arterial wall.

An animal model has been used to investigate the effects of cigarette smoke, carbon monoxide and nicotine on the uptake of 125I-labelled fibrinogen by the arterial wall. The uptake of fibrinogen in the smoking group (5.5 +/- 2.

The effect of cigarette smoke, nicotine, and carbon monoxide on the permeability of the arterial wall.

The association between cigarette smoking and the development of atherosclerosis is well established, but the mechanism that makes cigarettes such a potent "risk factor" is not understood. There is normally a constant insudation of plasma macromolecules into the arterial wall. Fibrinogen and lipids are two of the large molecules involved in atherosclerosis.

Early diagnosis of femorodistal graft stenoses.

Detection and early correction of stenoses following femorodistal bypass grafting may prevent graft occlusion. We studied 43 grafts (36 saphenous vein and 7 human umbilical vein) prospectively by peroperative angiography and then by clinical assessment, post-exercise Doppler ankle pressures and digital subtraction angiography at 1 week, 3 months, 6 months and 1 year. There were 11 grafts inserted for critical ischaemia, 16 for rest pain and 16 for disabling claudication.

Transcranial Doppler measurement of middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity: a validation study.

Measurement of intracranial arterial blood flow velocity is a new technique with potentially a number of very useful applications. This study validates the technique by comparing it to cerebral blood flow (CBF) measured using intravenous Xenon133 and extracranial clearance recording. We have measured the middle cerebral artery (MCA) blood flow velocity in 17 symptomatic patients with the EME TC 264 transcranial Doppler velocimeter and compared these measurements to the ipsilateral hemispheric cerebral blood flow measured with an intravenous Xenon133 technique (Novo Cerebrograph 10A).

Effect of internal carotid artery occlusion on middle cerebral artery blood flow at rest and in response to hypercapnia.

In patients with symptomatic cerebrovascular disease the rise in middle cerebral artery (MCA) blood-flow velocity in response to hypercapnia, recorded with a pulsed transcranial doppler velocimeter, was significantly less in MCAs above a totally occluded carotid artery than in MCAs above a patent carotid. These findings support the existence of compensatory cerebral vasodilatation above a carotid occlusion and suggest that transient ischaemic attacks in patients with carotid occlusion may be flow-related rather than embolic phenomena. These patients may therefore benefit from extracranial-intracranial surgical revascularisation.

The effects of food deprivation on beta-adrenergic responsiveness in male rats.

Male rats were deprived of food for varying lengths of time (0-96 h) and their responses to beta-adrenergic stimulation with isoproterenol were tested. Food deprivation for 48 or 96 h attenuated the increase in tail skin temperature normally seen following administration of isoproterenol. The degree of attenuation was dependent on the duration of the deprivation period.

Lymphatic obstruction and lymph node changes--a study of the rabbit popliteal node.

Dense cortical lymph node fibrosis is associated with primary lymphedema and proximal obstructive hypoplasia. The fibrosis is not related to the duration of disease nor to episodes of clinical cellulitis. This suggests that the disease may start in the nodes but the effects of obstruction in the adjacent lymph vessel must be elucidated before the assumption is made.

Intralymphatic steroid therapy for lymphoedema: preliminary studies.

Lymph node fibrosis is a significant feature in patients with primary lymphoedema. Its importance in causing obstruction to the flow of lymph has lead to this study which is an attempt to reduce the effect of fibrosis by treatment with a corticosteroid preparation administered by direct intralymphatic infusion. In a pilot study, twenty patients received an intralymphatic infusion of Clobetasol propionate in Ultra-fluid Lipiodol (18 lower limb, 2 face).

Instrumental carbon monoxide dosimetry.

Modern technology for the ambient monitoring of carbon monoxide has been developed to produce a portable electrochemical instrument capable of the personal exposure to carbon monoxide. The performance characteristics of this device have been studied so that the unambiguous interpretation of field data could be performed. A study of the carbon monoxide exposure in a light manufacturing facility illustrate that effective dosimetry can be performed with expectations of accuracy typically better than +/- 15%, and that voluntary carbon monoxide exposures such as smoking were a significant contribution to the individual's exposure.

Relief of lymph obstruction by use of a bridge of mesentery and ileum.

The background to the use of a bridge of ileum with its associated mesentery in the relief of lymphatic obstruction is described. A case report of the successful use of this method in a 22-year-old patient with lymphoedema praecox is presented. Following experience with further cases, it is suggested that, provided changes in the lymph channels and in the tissues of the affected limb are not irreversibly damaged, effective drainage through small gut lymphatics may be achieved.

A gut and mesentery pedicle for bridging lymphatic obstruction: experimental studies.

Experiments have been carried out in the pig. Small bowel and its mesentery are rich in lymphatics. A pedicle of ileum (opened and denuded of its mucosa) and its mesentery has been used to bypass lymphatic obstruction.

The velocity of lymph flow in the canine thoracic duct.

1. The velocity and pattern of movement of lymph in the thoracic duct of anaesthetized and conscious dogs has been studied by observing the movement of droplets of ultrafluid lipiodol in the duct.2.