Considering intentional stratospheric dehydration for climate benefits.

We introduce a climate intervention strategy focused on decreasing water vapor (WV) concentrations near the tropopause and in the stratosphere to increase outbound longwave radiation. The mechanism is the targeted injection of ice-nucleating particles (INP) in air supersaturated with respect to ice at high altitudes in the tropical entryway to the stratosphere. Ice formation in this region is a critical control of stratospheric WV.

Unexpectedly rapid aerosol formation in the Hunga Tonga plume.

The Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai (HT-HH) volcanic eruptions on January 13 and 15, 2022, produced a plume with the highest signal in stratospheric aerosol optical depth observed since the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo in 1991. Suites of balloon-borne instruments on a series of launches from Réunion Island intercepted the HT-HH plume between 7 and 10 d of the eruptions, yielding observations of the aerosol number and size distribution and sulfur dioxide (SO) and water vapor (HO) concentrations.

A Lightweight Remote Sensing Payload for Wildfire Detection and Fire Radiative Power Measurements.

Small uncrewed aerial systems (sUASs) have the potential to serve as ideal platforms for high spatial and temporal resolution wildfire measurements to complement aircraft and satellite observations, but typically have very limited payload capacity. Recognizing the need for improved data from wildfire management and smoke forecasting communities and the potential advantages of sUAS platforms, the Nighttime Fire Observations eXperiment (NightFOX) project was funded by the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to develop a suite of miniaturized, relatively low-cost scientific instruments for wildfire-related measurements that would satisfy the size, weight and power constraints of a sUAS payload. Here we report on a remote sensing system developed under the NightFOX project that consists of three optical instruments with five individual sensors for wildfire mapping and fire radiative power measurement and a GPS-aided inertial navigation system module for aircraft position and attitude determination.

Porous Se@SiO nanoparticles improve oxidative injury to promote muscle regeneration via modulating mitochondria.

Acute skeletal muscle injuries are common among physical or sports traumas. The excessive oxidative stress at the site of injury impairs muscle regeneration. The authors have recently developed porous Se@SiO nanoparticles (NPs) with antioxidant properties.

Molecular Hydrogen Promotes Adipose-derived Stem Cell Myogenic Differentiation Regulation of Mitochondria.

Background: Acute skeletal muscle injuries are common physical or sports traumas. Cellular therapy has excellent potential for regeneration after skeletal muscle injury. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are a more accessible type of stem cell.

[Epidemiological and clinicopathological characteristics of prostate cancer in Hunan].

Objective: To investigate the epidemiological and clinicopathological characteristics of PCa and provide some strategies for the clinical prevention and treatment of the malignancy.

Methods: This study included 1 594 cases of pathologically diagnosed PCa after radical prostatectomy in Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2020. We collected the basic information about the patients, their main complaints and clinicopathological results, and analyzed the epidemiological and clinicopathological data.

Toward practical stratospheric aerosol albedo modification: Solar-powered lofting.

Many climate intervention (CI) methods have been proposed to offset greenhouse gas-induced global warming, but the practicalities regarding implementation have not received sufficient attention. Stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) involves introducing large amounts of CI material well within the stratosphere to enhance the aerosol loading, thereby increasing reflection of solar radiation. We explore a delivery method termed solar-powered lofting (SPL) that uses solar energy to loft CI material injected at lower altitudes accessible by conventional aircraft.

[Clinical features and epidemiological trend of prostate cancer in the Changsha area of Hunan Province: Analysis of 2 877 cases].

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of PCa in the Changsha area of Hunan Province and provide some reference for the formulation of the strategies for the prevention and control of the malignancy.

Methods: We collected the data on the age, pathological type and TCM syndrome type of 2 877 PCa patients diagnosed and treated in Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine and the Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Research Institute of Chinese Medicine from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2019. We analyzed the data obtained and the current prevalence and epidemiological trend of PCa.

[Xiongcan Yishen Prescription up-regulates the expressions of cholesterol transport proteins, steroidogenic enzymes and SF-1 in the Leydig cells of rats with late-onset hypogonadism].

Objective: To investigate the effects of Xiongcan Yishen Prescription (XYP) on the expressions of cholesterol transport proteins, steroidogenic enzymes and steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1) in the Leydig cells of the rats with late-onset hypogonadism (LOH).

Methods: Twenty-five 18-month-old male SD rats were randomly divided into five groups of equal number, LOH model control, testosterone propionate (TP) and low-, medium- and high-dose XYP, and another 5 two-month-old male SD rats included as normal controls. After modeling, the animals in the TP group were treated by intramuscular injection of TP at 5.

A study of medial and lateral temporal lobe epilepsy based on stereoelectroencephalography.

Background: Patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) originating from different seizure onset zones had distinct electrophysiological characteristics and surgical outcomes. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between the origin and prognosis of TLE, and the stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) features.

Methods: Thirty patients with TLE, who underwent surgical treatment in our functional neurosurgery department from January 2016 to December 2017, were enrolled in this study.

Performance Assessment of Portable Optical Particle Spectrometer (POPS).

Accurate representation of atmospheric aerosol properties is a long-standing problem in atmospheric research. Modern pilotless aerial systems provide a new platform for atmospheric in situ measurement. However, small airborne platforms require miniaturized instrumentation due to apparent size, power, and weight limitations.

CTHRC1 and PD‑1/PD‑L1 expression predicts tumor recurrence in prostate cancer.

Collagen triple helix repeat containing 1 (CTHRC1) is a gene that has been associated with tumor progression in human prostate cancer (PC). The tumor immune microenvironment has been linked with disease outcome in PC. In the present study, the correlation between CTHRC1 with PC recurrence and the tumor immunological microenvironment was investigated.

Black carbon lofts wildfire smoke high into the stratosphere to form a persistent plume.

In 2017, western Canadian wildfires injected smoke into the stratosphere that was detectable by satellites for more than 8 months. The smoke plume rose from 12 to 23 kilometers within 2 months owing to solar heating of black carbon, extending the lifetime and latitudinal spread. Comparisons of model simulations to the rate of observed lofting indicate that 2% of the smoke mass was black carbon.

Efficient In-Cloud Removal of Aerosols by Deep Convection.

Convective systems dominate the vertical transport of aerosols and trace gases. The most recent in situ aerosol measurements presented here show that the concentrations of primary aerosols including sea salt and black carbon drop by factors of 10 to 10,000 from the surface to the upper troposphere. In this study we show that the default convective transport scheme in the National Science Foundation/Department of Energy Community Earth System Model results in a high bias of 10-1,000 times the measured aerosol mass for black carbon and sea salt in the middle and upper troposphere.

The Role of Sulfur Dioxide in Stratospheric Aerosol Formation Evaluated Using In-Situ Measurements in the Tropical Lower Stratosphere.

Stratospheric aerosols (SAs) are a variable component of the Earth's albedo that may be intentionally enhanced in the future to offset greenhouse gases (geoengineering). The role of tropospheric-sourced sulfur dioxide (SO) in maintaining background SAs has been debated for decades without in-situ measurements of SO at the tropical tropopause to inform this issue. Here we clarify the role of SO in maintaining SAs by using new in-situ SO measurements to evaluate climate models and satellite retrievals.

Efficient transport of tropospheric aerosol into the stratosphere via the Asian summer monsoon anticyclone.

An enhanced aerosol layer near the tropopause over Asia during the June-September period of the Asian summer monsoon (ASM) was recently identified using satellite observations. Its sources and climate impact are presently not well-characterized. To improve understanding of this phenomenon, we made in situ aerosol measurements during summer 2015 from Kunming, China, then followed with a modeling study to assess the global significance.

Physical Processes Controlling the Vertical and Longitudinal Distributions of Relative Humidity in the Tropical Tropopause Layer Over the Pacific.

The vertical distribution of relative humidity with respect to ice (RHI) in the Boreal wintertime Tropical Tropopause Layer (TTL, ≃14-18 km) over the Pacific is examined with the extensive dataset of measurements from the NASA Airborne Tropical TRopopause EXperiment (ATTREX). Multiple deployments of the Global Hawk during ATTREX provided hundreds of vertical profiles spanning the longitudinal extent of the Pacific with accurate measurements of temperature, pressure, water vapor concentration, ozone concentration, and cloud properties. We also compare the measured RHI distributions with results from a transport and microphysical model driven by meteorological analysis fields.

[Combination of musk and olibanum promotes proliferation of prostate stem cells in mice: An experimental study].

Objective: To study the effects of muskolibanum combination on the proliferation and differentiation of prostate stem cells.

Methods: We cultured prostate epithelial cells and urogenital sinus mesenchymal (UGSM) cells from 7－10 d old C57BL/6 mice and 16－18 d old pregnant C57BL/6 mice, transplanted the mixed suspension of the two types of cells under the kidney envelope of SCIDCB.17 male mice, and harvested the transplants 30 days later.