Biosecurity measures reducing spp. and hepatitis E virus prevalence in pig farms-a systematic review and meta-analysis.

spp. and hepatitis E virus (HEV) are significant foodborne zoonotic pathogens that impact the health of livestock, farmers, and the general public. This study aimed to identify biosecurity measures (BSMs) against these pathogens on swine farms in Europe, the United States, and Canada.

Prostate Brachytherapy With Cs-131: Long-term Results Compared With Published Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy Data.

Objective: We sought to compare our results of patients treated with Cs-131 prostate brachytherapy (PB) as monotherapy to recently published results of patients treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy.

Methods: We analyzed data from patients treated at our institution with Cs-131 PB as monotherapy who had at least 5 years of follow-up and who prospectively completed expanded prostate cancer index composite questionnaires at baseline, 1 year, 2 years, and 5 years. We compared our data with the recently published data from radiation therapy oncology group (RTOG) 0938 and PACE-B (NCT01584258).

What, When, and Why: Viscoelastic Hemostatic Assays and Their Uses in Trauma Resuscitation.

Viscoelastic hemostatic assays (VHAs) have become a valuable tool in guiding transfusion therapy, particularly in trauma care. While various forms of VHA exist, all provide a quantitative assessment of clot kinetics, strength, and dissolution. Studies have demonstrated that VHA can reduce both mortality and utilization of blood products in the general population.

Comparison of three source attribution methods applied to whole genome sequencing data of monophasic and biphasic Typhimurium isolates from the British Isles and Denmark.

Methodologies for source attribution (SA) of foodborne illnesses comprise a rapidly expanding suite of techniques for estimating the most important source or sources of human infection. Recently, the increasing availability of whole genome sequencing (WGS) data for a wide range of bacterial strains has led to the development of novel SA methods. These techniques utilize the unique features of bacterial genomes adapted to different host types and hence offer increased resolution of the outputs.

Spatial and temporal distribution of Ixodes scapularis and tick-borne pathogens across the northeastern United States.

Background: The incidence of tick-borne diseases is increasing across the USA, with cases concentrated in the northeastern and midwestern regions of the country. Ixodes scapularis is one of the most important tick-borne disease vectors and has spread throughout the northeastern USA over the past four decades, with established populations in all states of the region.

Methods: To better understand the rapid expansion of I.

Narcissistic personality disorder and emotion regulation in psychiatric inpatients.

Background: Emotional regulation difficulties in those with narcissistic personality disorder can cause problematic social and occupational functioning and inhibit treatment. Identifying which aspects of emotion regulation difficulties narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) patients have can help inform treatment. Adult psychiatric inpatients (N = 108) were assessed on measures of emotion regulation.

Paradoxical Uterine Rupture and Fetal Survival in Placenta Accreta: A Case Report.

We describe a case of uterine rupture in the presence of abnormally invasive placentation, with fetal survival despite a long rupture-to-delivery interval (19.5 hours). The patient had previously had an intrapartum stillbirth delivered via caesarean section with an atypical uterine incision at 34 weeks' gestation.

Purine and pyrimidine synthesis differently affect the strength of the inoculum effect for aminoglycoside and β-lactam antibiotics.

Unlabelled: The inoculum effect has been observed for nearly all antibiotics and bacterial species. However, explanations accounting for its occurrence and strength are lacking. Previous work found that the relationship between [ATP] and growth rate can account for the strength and occurrence of the inoculum effect for bactericidal antibiotics.

A narrative review of sperm selection technology for assisted reproduction techniques.

Background And Objective: In-vitro fertilization (IVF) with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) has become increasingly prevalent even in cases without significant male factor infertility; however, stagnant live-birth rates, both nationally and internationally, have driven more research into sperm selection. To date, nothing has replaced swim-up and density-gradient preparation methods and therefore we sought to review the state of the science.

Methods: A PubMed search was performed between years of 1989 and 2024 for English research articles reporting data on sperm selection technology in assisted reproductive technology.

Prevalence and Genetic Diversity of Deer Tick Virus (Powassan Virus, Lineage II) in Ixodes scapularis Ticks in Five Habitats at a Nature Reserve in Southern Maine, United States.

Deer tick virus (DTV), also known as Powassan virus lineage II, is a rising health concern due to increased recognition as a cause of human encephalitis. Since European tick-borne encephalitis virus persists in nature in enzootic foci (i.e.

Features of Consistent Powassan Virus Lineage II Focus in Southern Maine, United States.

Powassan virus lineage II or deer tick virus (DTV) is a rare but increasingly reported human infection in the United States transmitted by Ixodes scapularis ticks. The virus is thought to be maintained in environmental foci that are optimal for tick and vertebrate reservoirs, but details on DTV ecology are poorly understood. We investigated DTV tick infection rates and reservoir host abundance in a focus of consistent DTV activity in Maine, USA.

Biosecurity measures to control hepatitis E virus on European pig farms.

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotype 3 is a prevalent zoonotic pathogen in European pig farms, posing a significant public health risk primarily through the foodborne route. The study aimed to identify effective biosecurity measures for controlling HEV transmission on pig farms, addressing a critical gap in current knowledge. Utilizing a cross-sectional design, fecal samples from gilts, dry sows, and fatteners were collected on 231 pig farms of all farm types across nine European countries.

Corrigendum: Biosecurity measures to control hepatitis E virus on European pig farms.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.

Genomic characterisation of isolated from poultry at retail through Sink Surveillance in Dhaka, Bangladesh reveals high levels of multi-drug resistance.

The surveillance of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in commensal from livestock at slaughter is widely employed to assess the potential for risk to humans. There is currently a limited understanding of AMR in Bangladesh poultry at retail in live bird markets, with studies focussing solely on phenotypic characterisation of resistance. To address this evidence gap we performed antimicrobial susceptibility testing and whole genome sequencing on obtained from chickens from live bird markets in Dhaka in 2018 ( = 38) and 2020 ( = 45).

Purine and pyrimidine synthesis differently affect the strength of the inoculum effect for aminoglycoside and β-lactam antibiotics.

The inoculum effect has been observed for nearly all antibiotics and bacterial species. However, explanations accounting for its occurrence and strength are lacking. We previously found that growth productivity, which captures the relationship between [ATP] and growth, can account for the strength of the inoculum effect for bactericidal antibiotics.

Can an in-person hands-on applicator-based teaching session improve trainee knowledge and comfort with complex gynecologic brachytherapy?

Introduction: With the emergence of imaged-based planning and hybrid applicators the complexity of gynecologic brachytherapy has dramatically increased. Despite the known advantages of brachytherapy, notable national declines in utilization of brachytherapy have been documented. Clearly improved education in the sphere of gynecologic brachytherapy is needed.

Partial trailside Japanese barberry (Ranunculales: Berberidaceae) removal did not reduce the abundance of questing blacklegged ticks (Acari: Ixodidae).

In a nature reserve in southern Maine, we removed invasive Japanese barberry (Berberis thunbergii de Candolle) along sections of forested recreational trails that ran through dense barberry infestations. Barberry thickets provide questing substrate and a protective microclimate for blacklegged ticks (Ixodes scapularis Say), and trail users could brush up against encroaching barberry and acquire ticks. Trailside barberry removal will reduce or eliminate encroaching tick questing substrate and could reduce trailside questing tick abundance by creating a microclimate more hostile to ticks.

Sub-inhibitory antibiotic treatment selects for enhanced metabolic efficiency.

Bacterial growth and metabolic rates are often closely related. However, under antibiotic selection, a paradox in this relationship arises: antibiotic efficacy decreases when bacteria are metabolically dormant, yet antibiotics select for resistant cells that grow fastest during treatment. That is, antibiotic selection counterintuitively favors bacteria with fast growth but slow metabolism.

Bayesian evaluation of meat juice ELISA for detecting Salmonella in slaughtered pigs without specifying a cut-off.

Background: Consumption of pork and pork products is a major source of human infection with Salmonella. Salmonella is typically subclinical in pigs, making it difficult to identify infected pigs. Therefore, effective surveillance of Salmonella in pigs critically relies on good knowledge on how well the diagnostic tests used perform.