Genetic Diversity of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale Isolated from Chickens and Turkeys in the United States.

Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT) is an important bacterial pathogen of great economic significance to poultry production. This bacterium causes severe disease in chickens and turkeys worldwide. The objective of this study was to characterize ORT isolates from two different geographic locations in the United States by multilocus sequence typing (MLST).

Factors Affecting Mortality and Hospital Admissions after Hip Surgery among Elderly Patients with Hip Fracture in Hong Kong - Review of a Three-Year Follow-Up.

Objective: Hip fracture is associated with excess mortalities and high rate of hospital re-admission after discharge from the indexed episode. To improve related post-discharge care, we aimed to find out characteristics that were associated with related higher rates of mortality and hospital re-admission.

Methods: This was a historical cohort study with following up of 273 patients recruited in a local rehabilitation hospital for 3 years.

Retrospective Study of Histomoniasis (Blackhead) in California Turkey Flocks, 2000-2014.

The flagellate parasite Histomonas meleagridis causes a severe disease in turkeys. Since nitarsone, the last antiflagellate feed additive, was withdrawn from the market, H. meleagridis has gained increasing clinical and economic importance, and frequently entire turkey flocks are lost to the disease.

A Novel Mycoplasma sp. Associated with Phallus Disease in Goose Breeders: Pathological and Bacteriological Findings.

In April 2014, poor fertility in a major commercial goose breeder operation in California triggered the submission of six live affected Toulouse ganders ( Anser anser ) to the California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, Turlock branch (University of California-Davis). Toulouse were principally affected among all breeds, and their egg fertility dropped from 65.7% to less than 33.

Chronic T-cell Lymphocytic Leukemia in a Black Swan ( Cygnus atratus ): Diagnosis, Treatment, and Pathology.

An asymptomatic 14-year old, male black swan ( Cygnus atratus ) housed at a zoological institution was presented for routine preshipment examination. Hematologic findings indicated that the bird had a severe lymphocytic leukocytosis, consistent with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Radiographs showed the presence of multiple soft tissue masses within the caudal coelomic cavity; ultrasound showed one mass to be an enlarged spleen, a cystic mass near the gonads, and a mass suspected to be associated with the ventriculus.

Necrotic Enteritis in Chickens Associated with Clostridium sordellii.

Three outbreaks of necrotic enteritis-like disease associated with Clostridium sordelii were diagnosed in commercial broiler chicken flocks with 18,000 to 31,000 birds between 18 and 26 days old. Clinical signs in the affected flocks included high mortality up to 2% a day, depression, and diarrhea. The main gross changes included segmental dilation of the small intestine with watery contents, gas, mucoid exudate, and roughened and uneven mucosa, occasionally covered with a pseudomembrane.

Retrospective Study on the Isolation of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale from Chickens and Turkeys in Central California: 294 cases (2000-12).

Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale is a rod-shaped, gram-negative, and mostly oxidase-positive bacterium that causes respiratory infections in chickens and turkeys worldwide and can also spread to nonrespiratory organs. The present report analyzes 294 cases in which O. rhinotracheale was isolated from turkeys or chickens in central California in the years 2000 through 2012.

Spatial and temporal epidemiology of infectious laryngotracheitis in central California: 2000-2012.

In October of 2005 an outbreak of a vaccine-like strain of infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT), indistinguishable from the chicken embryo origin (CEO)-like vaccine strains, was detected by routine passive surveillance in the Central Valley of California, U. S. A.

Retrospective study of turkey viral hepatitis in California turkey flocks, 2000-2012.

Turkey viral hepatitis (TVH) is a disease characterized by an inflammation of the liver, and occasionally of the pancreas, of turkeys. Little is known about the occurrence of TVH in turkey flocks; thus, the aim of the present article is to summarize retrospectively 76 cases of TVH diagnosed at the California Animal Health and Food Safety System (CAHFS), University of California, Davis, in the years 2000 through 2012. Flocks diagnosed with TVH were between 7 and 61 days old, with an average age of 29.

Scheduled analgesic regimen improves rehabilitation after hip fracture surgery.

Background: Postoperative pain often is the limiting factor in the rehabilitation of patients after hip fracture surgery.

Questions/purposes: We compared an approach using scheduled analgesic dosing with as-needed analgesic dosing in patients after hip fracture surgery, to compare these approaches in terms of (1) resting and dynamic pain intensity, (2) postoperative patient mobility, and (3) functional end points.

Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study of 400 patients who underwent surgical treatment of hip fractures at our hospital.

Monitoring the use of halo fixation device through an assessment form.

Purpose: To compare the use of the halo fixation device in our hospital before and after implementation of a new compliance protocol.

Methods: From 2003 to 2008, 17 (47%) of 36 patients had dislodgement of their halo fixation device. All rings and vests and some of the pins were reused.

Intervention strategies for laryngotracheitis: impact of extended downtime and enhanced biosecurity auditing.

An outbreak of vaccinal infectious laryngotracheitis (LT) began in 2005 involving 57 ranches of two broiler companies in California. Standard biosecurity, and cleaning and disinfection programs along with vaccination, did not stop the outbreak. Due to the close proximity and number of birds in the same geographic area, the decision was made by both companies to attempt a joint regional and zonal depopulation strategy.

Systemic histomoniasis associated with high mortality and unusual lesions in the bursa of Fabricius, kidneys, and lungs in commercial turkeys.

An outbreak of systemic histomoniasis in 9-to-11-wk-old meat-type male turkeys associated with high mortality is reported. Clinical signs in turkeys included anorexia, depression, diarrhea, loss of weight, and increased mortality between 7 and 13 wk of age. Seven-week cumulative mortality in the turkeys of affected houses ranged from 24% in one to 68% in the other compared with 1.

Factors predicting rehabilitation outcomes of elderly patients with hip fracture.

Objective: To identify predictors of rehabilitation outcomes for the development of a case-mix system to rehabilitate patients suffering from hip fractures.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Setting: Two hospitals in Hong Kong.

Comparison of diagnostics techniques in an outbreak of infectious laryngotracheitis from meat chickens.

Various diagnostics techniques were compared for their ability to detect infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) during an outbreak in chickens aged between 4 and 21 wk. Gross lesions ranged from excess mucus to accumulation of fibrinonecrotic exudate in the larynx and trachea. Syncytial cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies were found in sinus, conjunctiva, larynx, trachea, lung, and air sac.

Vitamin A deficiency in turkey poults.

Vitamin A deficiency was diagnosed in a commercial flock of 13,000 4-6-week-old turkey poults in the summer of 2004. The birds were initially submitted for examination because of a 3% increase in the reported daily mortality of the flock. Clinically, affected birds had stunted growth and ruffled feathers, showed signs of incoordination, and were depressed.

Systemic Mycoplasma synoviae infection in broiler chickens.

Systemic Mycoplasma synoviae infection in 47-day-old broiler chickens with septicaemic lesions and increased carcass condemnation rate is reported. The clinical history included respiratory signs and an enlarged keel bursa. Condemnations at the processing plant were due to airsacculitis and keel bursitis.

Histomoniasis in the bursa of fabricius of chickens.

Histomoniasis was diagnosed in a flock of 6-wk-old commercial chickens. Clinical signs included depression, stilted gait, inappetence, and a slight increase in mortality. At necropsy, there were pale-yellow to dark-gray circular and depressed necrotic lesions in the liver.

Effect of feeding green onions (Allium ascalonicum) to White Chinese geese (Threskiornis spinicollis).

Sudden increase in mortality was observed in 2 different flocks of mature breeder geese fed green onions. At necropsy, birds had pale epicardium with random petechiation, sanguinous fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac, and mild swelling of the liver and spleen. Histologically, there was accumulation of hemosiderin in hepatocytes, Kupffer cells of the liver, macrophages, and renal tubules.

Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Salmonella arizonae from an integrated turkey operation.

Fifty cases submitted between 2000 and 2002 were selected for retrospective analysis to evaluate possible relationships between Salmonella arizonae isolated from breeder flocks, hatching eggs, and meat bird flocks belonging to a single turkey integrator. In all the meat bird cases selected for this study, arizonosis was the primary diagnosis. In birds under 1 month of age, clinical signs and pathologic changes were observed in older birds.

Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis of Mycoplasma gallisepticum isolates from turkeys from the central valley of California.

Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was used to investigate the molecular epidemiology of 26 Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) isolates obtained from turkeys located in the central valley of California. The MG isolates were recovered from 5 different companies and 13 ranches. Each company had unique MG strains.

Focal transmural necrotic tracheitis in commercial meat turkeys.

This report describes an unusual presentation of severe focal necrotic tracheitis in a flock of 8-wk-old commercial turkeys. The flock was kept on a range that is located near a cotton field. The cotton field had been chemically defoliated 2 wk before the birds were submitted for necropsy.

Microstructure and mineral content of femora in male turkeys with and without fractures.

Microscopic and radiographic observations, as well as ash, calcium, phosphorus, copper, manganese, and zinc concentrations, were evaluated from femora of 32- to 35-wk-old male turkeys from two different farms (A and B). Turkeys from Farm A were divided into birds with femoral fracture (AF) and without femoral fracture (ANF). Turkeys from Farm B did not have femoral fractures (BNF).

Isolation of an unidentified, nonfermentative, gram-negative bacterium from turkeys and chickens: 38 cases (1995-2001).

Thirty-eight cases were identified in which a nonfermentative, gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium was isolated from the respiratory system of turkeys and chickens. Cases were submitted from various parts of the country. Preliminary assessment of phenotypic characteristics indicated this bacterium was different from common pathogenic or opportunistic bacteria isolated from the avian respiratory tract.