Procedures for risk-stratification of lung cancer using buccal nanocytology.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in the U.S. with survival dramatically depending on stage at diagnosis.

[Antibiotic consumption and bacterial sensitivity in a teaching hospital: A 5-year study].

Introduction: To reduce risks of antibiotic resistance, governmental and learned societies decreed the optimal use of antibiotics. The relation between antibiotic consumption and bacterial resistance increase has been clearly demonstrated over the last several years. Antibiotic consumption data and bacterial sensitivity data are regularly published, but very few publications have searched for a correlation between these two variables.

The Greater Genomic Landscape: The Heterogeneous Evolution of Cancer.

Results have historically shown a broad plasticity in the origin of tumors and their functions, with significant heterogeneity observed in both morphologies and functional capabilities. Largely unknown, however, are the mechanisms by which these variations occur and how these events influence tumor formation and behavior. Contemporary views on the origin of tumors focus mainly on the role of particular sets of driver transformations, mutational or epigenetic, with the occurrence of the observed heterogeneity as an accidental byproduct of oncogenesis.

Evidence for the Existence of Autotrophic Nitrate-Reducing Fe(II)-Oxidizing Bacteria in Marine Coastal Sediment.

Unlabelled: Nitrate-reducing Fe(II)-oxidizing microorganisms were described for the first time ca. 20 years ago. Most pure cultures of nitrate-reducing Fe(II) oxidizers can oxidize Fe(II) only under mixotrophic conditions, i.

Learning and the transformative potential of citizen science.

The number of collaborative initiatives between scientists and volunteers (i.e., citizen science) is increasing across many research fields.

Correction: Focal Plant Observations as a Standardised Method for Pollinator Monitoring: Opportunities and Limitations for Mass Participation Citizen Science.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

A Quantitative Spectrophotometric Assay to Monitor the tRNA-Dependent Pathway for Lipid Aminoacylation In Vitro.

The transfer RNA (tRNA)-dependent pathway for lipid aminoacylation is a two-step pathway composed of (1) a tRNA aminoacylation step catalyzed by an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase, forming a specific aa-tRNA, and (2) a tRNA-dependent transfer step in which the amino acid acylating the tRNA is transferred to an acceptor lipid. The latter step is catalyzed by a transferase located within the cytoplasmic membrane of certain bacteria. Lipid aminoacylation modifies the biochemical properties of the membrane and enhances resistance of some pathogens to various classes of antimicrobial agents and components of the innate immune response.

Agricultural Management and Climatic Change Are the Major Drivers of Biodiversity Change in the UK.

Action to reduce anthropogenic impact on the environment and species within it will be most effective when targeted towards activities that have the greatest impact on biodiversity. To do this effectively we need to better understand the relative importance of different activities and how they drive changes in species' populations. Here, we present a novel, flexible framework that reviews evidence for the relative importance of these drivers of change and uses it to explain recent alterations in species' populations.

Focal Plant Observations as a Standardised Method for Pollinator Monitoring: Opportunities and Limitations for Mass Participation Citizen Science.

Background: Recently there has been increasing focus on monitoring pollinating insects, due to concerns about their declines, and interest in the role of volunteers in monitoring pollinators, particularly bumblebees, via citizen science.

Methodology / Principal Findings: The Big Bumblebee Discovery was a one-year citizen science project run by a partnership of EDF Energy, the British Science Association and the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology which sought to assess the influence of the landscape at multiple scales on the diversity and abundance of bumblebees. Timed counts of bumblebees (Bombus spp.

The Guaymas Basin Hiking Guide to Hydrothermal Mounds, Chimneys, and Microbial Mats: Complex Seafloor Expressions of Subsurface Hydrothermal Circulation.

The hydrothermal mats, mounds, and chimneys of the southern Guaymas Basin are the surface expression of complex subsurface hydrothermal circulation patterns. In this overview, we document the most frequently visited features of this hydrothermal area with photographs, temperature measurements, and selected geochemical data; many of these distinct habitats await characterization of their microbial communities and activities. Microprofiler deployments on microbial mats and hydrothermal sediments show their steep geochemical and thermal gradients at millimeter-scale vertical resolution.

[Upgrading a pediatric pharmaceutical care service in Quebec].

Introduction: Clinical pharmacy has developed since the 1960s in North America, with large disparities in the presence of decentralized pharmacists in hospital units between healthcare programs. Decentralized pharmacists have been present in pediatrics since the 1970s. The main objective of this study was to describe the steps used to upgrade the pediatrics department's pharmaceutical care.

Ubiquitous Presence and Novel Diversity of Anaerobic Alkane Degraders in Cold Marine Sediments.

Alkanes are major constituents of crude oil and are released to the marine environment by natural seepage and from anthropogenic sources. Due to their chemical inertness, their removal from anoxic marine sediments is primarily controlled by the activity of anaerobic alkane-degrading microorganisms. To facilitate comprehensive cultivation-independent surveys of the diversity and distribution of anaerobic alkane degraders, we designed novel PCR primers that cover all known diversity of the 1-methylalkyl succinate synthase gene (masD/assA), which catalyzes the initial activation of alkanes.

Feasibility of a Comfort Care Protocol Using Oral Transmucosal Medication Delivery in a Palliative Neonatal Population.

Background: The oral transmucosal (OTM) route for administration of comfort medication in infants at the end-of-life has long been favored by our pediatric palliative care team but has rarely been described in the literature.

Objective: To determine the feasibility of implementing a standardized comfort care protocol using OTM medications in dying neonates.

Method: A comfort protocol prescribing medication by the OTM route and standardized assessment were established.

Coexistence of Microaerophilic, Nitrate-Reducing, and Phototrophic Fe(II) Oxidizers and Fe(III) Reducers in Coastal Marine Sediment.

Iron is abundant in sediments, where it can be biogeochemically cycled between its divalent and trivalent redox states. The neutrophilic microbiological Fe cycle involves Fe(III)-reducing and three different physiological groups of Fe(II)-oxidizing microorganisms, i.e.

Phenolate based metallomacrocyclic xanthate complexes of Co(II)/Cu(II) and their exclusive deployment in [2 : 2] binuclear N,O-Schiff base macrocycle formation and in vitro anticancer studies.

Potassium salts of phenolate based polydentate xanthate ligands 4,4'-bis(2-dithiocarbonatobenzylideneamino)diphenyl ether () and 4,4'-bis(2-dithiocarbonatonaphthylmethylideneamino)diphenyl ether () have been synthesized and characterized, prior to use. The reaction of or with M(OAc)2 in Et3N affords access to a rare series of binuclear metallomacrocyclic xanthate complexes of the type [M2-μ(2)-bis-(κ(2)S,S-xan(1)/xan(2))] () which quickly forms [2 : 2] binuclear N,O-bidentate Schiff base macrocyclic complexes of the type [M2-μ(2)-bis-(κ(2)N,O-L(1)/L(2))] ( = 4,4'-bis(2-hydroxybenzylideneamino)diphenyl ether, = 4,4'-bis(2-hydroxynaphthylmethylidene-amino)diphenyl ether) via evolution of CS2 in solution. The compounds were characterized by microanalysis, relevant spectroscopy (FT-IR, UV-visible), mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), and powder and single crystal XRD techniques.

Fractal Characterization of Chromatin Decompaction in Live Cells.

Chromatin organization has a fundamental impact on the whole spectrum of genomic functions. Quantitative characterization of the chromatin structure, particularly at submicron length scales where chromatin fractal globules are formed, is critical to understanding this structure-function relationship. Such analysis is currently challenging due to the diffraction-limited resolution of conventional light microscopy.

Spectral biomarkers for chemoprevention of colonic neoplasia: a placebo-controlled double-blinded trial with aspirin.

Objective: A major impediment to translating chemoprevention to clinical practice has been lack of intermediate biomarkers. We previously reported that rectal interrogation with low-coherence enhanced backscattering spectroscopy (LEBS) detected microarchitectural manifestations of field carcinogenesis. We now wanted to ascertain if reversion of two LEBS markers spectral slope (SPEC) and fractal dimension (FRAC) could serve as a marker for chemopreventive efficacy.

Clinical Trial Laboratory Data Nested With in Subject: Components of Variance, Sample Size and Cost.

Nesting of experimental factors is well established in statistical design literature related to agricultural, environmental and engineering studies. It is perhaps not sufficiently discussed in biological and laboratory experiments stemming from the use of human bio-specimens, where sample size considerations are often provided a priori , but there is little advice regarding the . Motivated by an example from spectroscopic microscopy and lung cancer, we revisit the experimental nesting frame work and discuss how variability, cost of sampling and sample size at lower levels may be coherently utilized.

Ten years of invasion: (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in Britain.

1. was first recorded in Britain in 2004. Two subsequent earlier records were received from 2003.

NATIONAL DOSE REGISTER IN FRANCE WITHIN THE NATIONAL INFORMATION SYSTEM SISERI.

Over the past decade, France has developed an electronic dose register at national level called SISERI. Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety is in charge of the management of this information system. Besides the main purpose of being a central register of any doses measured for the individual dosimetric monitoring of all exposed workers, SISERI has been developed so as to constitute a tool for occupational physicians and radiation protection officers allowing access in real-time to the results of the individual monitoring.

Formate, acetate, and propionate as substrates for sulfate reduction in sub-arctic sediments of Southwest Greenland.

Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) are key intermediates in the anaerobic mineralization of organic matter in marine sediments. We studied the role of VFAs in the carbon and energy turnover in the sulfate reduction zone of sediments from the sub-arctic Godthåbsfjord (SW Greenland) and the adjacent continental shelf in the NE Labrador Sea. VFA porewater concentrations were measured by a new two-dimensional ion chromatography-mass spectrometry method that enabled the direct analysis of VFAs without sample pretreatment.

Mice deficient in Muc4 are resistant to experimental colitis and colitis-associated colorectal cancer.

MUC4, a large transmembrane mucin normally expressed in the small and large intestine, is differentially expressed during inflammatory and malignant conditions of the colon. However, the expression pattern and the role of MUC4 in colitis and colorectal cancer (CRC) are inconclusive. Therefore, the aim of this study was to understand the role of Muc4 during inflammatory and malignant conditions of the colon.