Tumor-infiltrating plasma cells are a prognostic factor in penile squamous cell carcinoma.

Penile cancer (PeCa) is a rare disease with poor prognosis in the metastatic stage. Neither effective adjuvant nor palliative therapeutic options are available. Research efforts in this field have so far failed to establish robust predictors of survival.

Activity and safety of avelumab in high-grade neuroendocrine tumors and poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas progressive after chemotherapy (AveNEC trial).

Background: Neuroendocrine neoplasias grade 3 (NEN G3) are rare tumors with poor prognosis and no established second-line therapy. The role of immune checkpoint blockade in these aggressive tumors remains unclear.

Methods: The phase II AVENEC study evaluated the effect of avelumab (AVE, 10 mg/kg IV Q2W) in 60 patients with well-differentiated high-grade neuroendocrine tumors (NET G3, N=22) or poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (NEC, N=38) progressing after ≥ one prior chemotherapy (excluding Merkel cell and small-cell lung cancer).

Decreased mitochondrial transcription factor A and mitochondrial DNA copy number promote cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A expression and reduce tumorigenic properties of colorectal cancer cells.

Purpose: Colorectal cancer is one of the most common and deadliest cancer types worldwide. In the last years, changes in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number have been described to correlate with the prognostic outcome for colorectal cancer patients by impacting different tumorigenic properties. One key regulator of mtDNA is the mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) that acts as a limiting factor of mtDNA copy number.

Gene Expression Profiles of AHNAK2, DCSTAMP, FN1, and TERT Correlate With Mutational Status and Recurrence in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma.

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), the most common malignancy of follicular cell derivation, is generally associated with good prognosis. Nevertheless, it is important to identify patients with aggressive PTCs and unfavorable outcome. Molecular markers such as BRAF mutation and TERT promoter mutations have been proposed for risk stratification.

Inhibition of the Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein SREBF-1 Overcomes Docetaxel Resistance in Advanced Prostate Cancer.

Resistance to antiandrogens and chemotherapy (Cx) limits therapeutic options for patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive (mHSPC) and metastatic castration-resistant (mCRPC) prostate cancer. In this context, up-regulation of the glucocorticoid receptor is identified as a potential bypass mechanism in mCRPC. A combination of docetaxel and mifepristone (Doc + RU-486), an inhibitor of the glucocorticoid receptor, re-sensitizes docetaxel-resistant cell models to Cx.

The radiomorphological appearance of the invasive margin in pancreatic cancer is associated with tumor budding.

Purpose: Pancreatic cancer (PDAC) is characterized by infiltrative, spiculated tumor growth into the surrounding non-neoplastic tissue. Clinically, its diagnosis is often established by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). At the invasive margin, tumor buds can be detected by histology, an established marker associated with poor prognosis in different types of tumors.

Functional regulation of microglia by vitamin B12 alleviates ischemic stroke-induced neuroinflammation in mice.

Ischemic stroke is the second leading cause of death and disability worldwide, and efforts to prevent stroke, mitigate secondary neurological damage, and promote neurological recovery remain paramount. Recent findings highlight the critical importance of microbiome-related metabolites, including vitamin B12 (VB12), in alleviating toxic stroke-associated neuroinflammation. Here, we showed that VB12 tonically programmed genes supporting microglial cell division and activation and critically controlled cellular fatty acid metabolism in homeostasis.

Controlling Crystal Morphology of Anisotropic Zeolites with Elemental Composition.

The morphology of zeolite crystals strongly affects their textural, catalytic, and mechanical attributes. However, controlling zeolite crystal morphology without using modifiers or structure-directing agents remains a challenging task because of our limited understanding of the relationships between zeolite crystal shape, crystallization mechanism, and composition of the starting synthesis mixture. In this study, we aimed at developing a general method for controlling the morphology of zeolites by assessing the impact of the Si/T molar ratio of the synthesis gel on the growth rate of zeolite crystals in various crystallographic directions and on the final crystal morphology of the germanosilicate with a 2D system of intersecting 14- and 12-ring pores.

Construction of Hierarchical Films via Layer-by-Layer Assembly of Exfoliated Unilamellar Zeolite Nanosheets.

Zeolites have been widely applied as versatile catalysts, sorbents, and ion exchangers with unique porous structures showing molecular sieving capability. In these years, it is reported that some layered zeolites can be delaminated into molecularly thin 2-dimensional (2D) nanosheets characterized by inherent porous structures and highly exposed active sites. In the present study, two types of zeolite nanosheets with distinct porous structures with MWW topology (denoted mww) and ferrierite-related structure (denoted bifer) are deposited on a substrate through the solution process via electrostatic self-assembly.

Epidemiology of thymomas and thymic carcinomas in the United States and Germany, 1999-2019.

Introduction: Mediastinal tumors, particularly non-neuroendocrine thymic epithelial tumors (TET) are relatively uncommon, posing challenges for extensive epidemiological studies. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of these tumors in the United States (US) and Germany (GER) from 1999 to 2019.

Methods: Patients aged 0-19 (n=478) and ≥20 years (n=17,459) diagnosed with malignant tumors of the anterior mediastinum were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry (SEER) and the Zentrum für Krebsregisterdaten (ZfKD) databases.

N-cadherin: A diagnostic marker to help discriminate primary liver carcinomas from extrahepatic carcinomas.

Distinguishing primary liver cancer (PLC), namely hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA), from liver metastases is of crucial clinical importance. Histopathology remains the gold standard, but differential diagnosis may be challenging. While absent in most epithelial, the expression of the adherens junction glycoprotein N-cadherin is commonly restricted to neural and mesenchymal cells, or carcinoma cells that undergo the phenomenon of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT).

A novel targeted NGS panel identifies numerous homologous recombination deficiency (HRD)-associated gene mutations in addition to known BRCA mutations.

Deleterious mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes have significant therapeutic relevance in clinical settings regarding personalized therapy approaches. BRCA1 and BRCA2 play a pivotal role in homologous recombination (HR) and thus are sensitive for PARP inhibitors (PARPi). Beyond the narrow scope of evaluating only the BRCA mutation status, PARPi can be beneficial for HR deficient (HRD) patients, who harbor mutations in other HR-associated genes.

Inappropriate quetiapine use at a large academic medical center: frequency of misuse and associated costs of adverse effects.

Background: Quetiapine is an antipsychotic with dose-related receptor affinity, which is commonly prescribed by specialties outside of psychiatry. Quetiapine can have adverse effects including weight gain, hyperglycemia, and falls. Therefore, quetiapine is a good focus medication to assess the need for an antipsychotic stewardship protocol.

CD15 Is a Risk Predictor and a Novel Target in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Introduction: Tumor cells use adhesion molecules like CD15 or sialylCD15 (sCD15) for metastatic spreading. We analyzed the expression of CD15 and sCD15 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) regarding prognosis.

Methods: A tissue microarray containing tissue specimens of 763 patients with ccRCC was immunohistochemically stained for CD15 and sCD15, their expression quantified using digital image analysis, and the impact on patients' survival analyzed.

CpG-biomarkers in tumor tissue and prediction models for the survival of colorectal cancer: A systematic review and external validation study.

The research aimed to identify previously published CpG-methylation-based prognostic biomarkers and prediction models for colorectal cancer (CRC) prognosis and validate them in a large external cohort. A systematic search was conducted, analyzing 298 unique CpGs and 12 CpG-based prognostic models from 28 studies. After adjustment for clinical variables, 48 CpGs and five prognostic models were confirmed to be associated with survival.

Inhibition of the Cyclin K-CDK12 complex induces DNA damage and increases the effect of androgen deprivation therapy in prostate cancer.

Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the mainstay of the current first-line treatment concepts for patients with advanced prostate carcinoma (PCa). However, due to treatment failure and recurrence investigation of new targeted therapeutics is urgently needed. In this study, we investigated the suitability of the Cyclin K-CDK12 complex as a novel therapeutic approach in PCa using the new covalent CDK12/13 inhibitor THZ531.

Current State and Perspectives of Exfoliated Zeolites.

Zeolites are highly efficient industrial catalysts and sorbents with microporous framework structures. Approximately 10% of the frameworks, but eventually all in the long run, have produced both 3D crystals and 2D layers. The latter can be intercalated and expanded like all 2D materials but proved difficult to exfoliate directly into suspensions of monolayers in solution as precursors for unique synthetic opportunities.

Reduced Lipid Peroxidation Predicts Unfavorable Prognosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma, but Not Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma.

Primary liver cancer, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA), remains a significant contributor to cancer-related mortality worldwide. Oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation play a key role in chronic liver diseases and have been shown to be pivotal for tumor initiation and progression. 4-hydroxy-nonenal (4-HNE), one of the major mediators of oxidative stress and a well-established biomarker for lipid peroxidation, can act as a signal transducer, inducing inflammation and exerting carcinogenic effects.

Implementation of deep learning in liver pathology optimizes diagnosis of benign lesions and adenocarcinoma metastasis.

Introduction: Differentiation of histologically similar structures in the liver, including anatomical structures, benign bile duct lesions, or common types of liver metastases, can be challenging with conventional histological tissue sections alone. Accurate histopathological classification is paramount for the diagnosis and adequate treatment of the disease. Deep learning algorithms have been proposed for objective and consistent assessment of digital histopathological images.