Excess-Methane CO Reforming over Reduced KIT-6-Ni-Y Mesoporous Silicas Monitored by In Situ XAS-XRD.

Making Europe less dependent on imported fuels requires a long-term strategy. Low-quality natural gas and biogas could be used to mitigate the energy crisis, and excess-methane dry reforming has the potential to upgrade a mixture of CH and CO. Herein, nickel-based KIT-6-supported catalysts (KIT-6-Ni) were modified with 3, 6, and 8 wt % of yttrium (Y/Ni molar ratio of 0.

Optimizing the shape anisotropy of gold nanoparticles for enhanced light harvesting and photocatalytic applications.

Hybrid nanoparticles (NP) of bismutite nanodisks (BSC ND) with gold nanoparticles (Au NP) of different aspect ratios (AR), such as spheres, rods and etched rods were synthesized via a facile sonochemical method. To better control the shapes of Au NP deposited on the substrate, these were pre-synthesized prior to the deposition using a modified seed mediated growth method by altering the pH and supersaturation of the growth solution. The shift in the peak position and shape of the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) absorption band associated with fine-tuning of the shape of Au NP, led to enhanced light harvesting capabilities of the hybrid.

Direction- and Angle-Assisted Buttonhole Cannulation of Arteriovenous Fistula in Hemodialysis Patients: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial.

Rationale & Objective: Arteriovenous fistula cannulation with the buttonhole technique is often preferred by patients but has been associated with an increased infection risk. Guidelines disagree on whether it should be abandoned, thus we assessed a technologically simple method to facilitate gentler arteriovenous fistula cannulation with potentially less discomfort and damage to the epithelial lining of the buttonhole tract.

Study Design: 8-week, prospective, open-label, randomized controlled trial.

Use of Statins in Kidney Transplant Recipients in Norway.

Kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) experience increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Guidelines recommend HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin) therapy when tolerated. We aimed to study changes in the prescription of statins and patients' adherence to treatment over time.

Co-Precipitated Ni-Mg-Al Hydrotalcite-Derived Catalyst Promoted with Vanadium for CO Methanation.

Co-precipitated Ni-Mg-Al hydrotalcite-derived catalyst promoted with vanadium were synthesized with different V loadings (0-4 wt%) and studied in CO methanation. The promotion with V significantly changes textural properties (specific surface area and mesoporosity) and improves the dispersion of nickel. Moreover, the vanadium promotion strongly influences the surface basicity by increasing the total number of basic sites.

Improved lifetime and stability of copper species in hierarchical, copper-incorporated CuSAPO-34 verified by catalytic model reactions.

The first successful synthesis of hierarchical CuSAPO-34 (3.9 wt% Cu) is reported using the polymer Pluronic F127 as a mesoporous structure directing agent (SDA). X-Ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) revealed single site Cu2+ with 4 nearest oxygen neighbours at 1.

Parasagittal vertex clots on head CT in infants with subdural hemorrhage as a predictor for abusive head trauma.

Background: Abusive head trauma (AHT) is the most common cause of subdural hemorrhage (SDH) in infants younger than 12 months old. Clot formation in the parasagittal vertex seen on imaging has been associated with SDH due to AHT. There have been very few studies regarding these findings; to our knowledge, no studies including controls have been performed.

Comparison of Emergency Department Visits for Complications of Gastrostomy Versus Gastrojejunostomy Tubes in Children.

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate frequency, type, and cost of gastrostomy tube (GT) versus gastrojejunostomy tube (GJT) complications in children presenting to the emergency department (ED).

Methods: Patients were selected by electronic health record search for International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, and procedure codes for GTs and GJTs/jejunostomy tubes. All children aged less than 18 years with GTs or GJTs placed during a 5-year period (2007-2012) at the University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital were identified for retrospective review.

Evaluation of Reoxidation Thresholds for γ-AlO-Supported Cobalt Catalysts under Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis Conditions.

Size-dependent phenomena at the nanoscale influence many applications, notably in the science of heterogeneous catalysis. In cobalt-based Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS), the size of Co nanoparticles (NPs) dictates to a high degree catalyst's performance in terms of activity, selectivity, and stability. Here, a highly dispersed Re/Co/γ-AlO catalyst with high Co surface area per gram of catalyst was exposed to industrially relevant FTS conditions and monitored in situ by synchrotron X-ray radiation.

Capturing metal-support interactions in situ during the reduction of a Re promoted Co/γ-Al2O3 catalyst.

The reduction of a Re promoted Co/γ-Al2O3 catalyst was monitored in situ by synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) under H2 environment. Whole powder pattern analysis revealed a non-linear expansion of the unit cell of γ-Al2O3 during the reduction process, suggesting the diffusion of Co cations into the structure of the support. The non-linear cell expansion coincided with the formation of a CoO phase.

Multivariate curve resolution applied to in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy data: an efficient tool for data processing and analysis.

Large datasets containing many spectra commonly associated with in situ or operando experiments call for new data treatment strategies as conventional scan by scan data analysis methods have become a time-consuming bottleneck. Several convenient automated data processing procedures like least square fitting of reference spectra exist but are based on assumptions. Here we present the application of multivariate curve resolution (MCR) as a blind-source separation method to efficiently process a large data set of an in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy experiment where the sample undergoes a periodic concentration perturbation.

Access to treatment and educational inequalities in cancer survival.

The public health care systems in the Nordic countries provide high quality care almost free of charge to all citizens. However, social inequalities in health persist. Previous research has, for example, documented substantial educational inequalities in cancer survival.

Coaxial carbon/metal oxide/aligned carbon nanotube arrays as high-performance anodes for lithium ion batteries.

Coaxial carbon/metal oxide/aligned carbon nanotube (ACNT) arrays over stainless-steel foil are reported as high-performance binder-free anodes for lithium ion batteries. The coaxial arrays were prepared by growth of ACNTs over stainless-steel foil followed by coating with metal oxide and carbon. The carbon/manganese oxide/ACNT arrays can deliver an initial capacity of 738 mAh g(-1) with 99.

Catalytic ozonation of oxalic acid using carbon nanofibres on macrostructured supports.

Carbon nanofibres (CNFs) were grown on different macrostructured supports such as cordierite monoliths, carbon felts and sintered metal fibres. The resulting composites exhibited excellent resistance to attrition/corrosion and its porosity is mainly due to mesoporous structures. The CNF/structured materials were tested in the ozonation of oxalic acid in a conventional semi-batch reactor after being crushed to powder form, and in a newly designed reactor that may operate in semi-batch or continuous operation.

Cigarette smoking and risk of subsequent use of antibacterials: a follow-up of 365,117 men and women.

Objectives: Antibacterial prescribing is driving antibiotic resistance. We aimed to analyse whether smoking habits are associated with susceptibility to be prescribed antibacterials in primary care and to examine whether patients' smoking habits influence physicians' choice of therapy.

Methods: Information on smoking habits from health surveys in 1985-99 was related to use of antibacterials 5-25 years later by linkage to the Norwegian Prescription Database.

Health Alliance for prudent antibiotic prescribing in patients with respiratory tract infections (HAPPY AUDIT) -impact of a non-randomised multifaceted intervention programme.

Background: Excessive use of antibiotics is worldwide the most important reason for development of antimicrobial resistance. As antibiotic resistance may spread across borders, high prevalence countries may serve as a source of bacterial resistance for countries with a low prevalence. Therefore, bacterial resistance is an important issue with a potential serious impact on all countries.

Prevalence, incidence and persistence of etanercept and adalimumab in Norway 2005-2009.

Purpose: Examining the prevalence, incidence and persistence of use of etanercept and adalimumab in Norway during 2005-2009.

Methods: We retrieved data from the nationwide Norwegian Prescription Database (NorPD) for all individuals who were dispensed etanercept or adalimumab from pharmacies during 2005-2009. The NorPD covers the total Norwegian population in ambulatory care.

Use of prescribed opioid analgesics and co-medication with benzodiazepines in women before, during, and after pregnancy: a population-based cohort study.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to describe the use of prescribed opioid analgesics for noncancer pain and the degree of possible concurrent co-medication with benzodiazepines to women in Norway before, during, and after pregnancy.

Methods: This was a population-based cohort study based on linkage of two nationwide registries: the Medical Birth Registry of Norway, and the Norwegian Prescription Database. Prescribed opioid analgesics and benzodiazepines issued to women 3 months prior to, during, and 3 months after pregnancies were identified.

Health status after cancer: does it matter which hospital you belong to?

Background: Survival rates are widely used to compare the quality of cancer care. However, the extent to which cancer survivors regain full physical or cognitive functioning is not captured by this statistic. To address this concern we introduce post-diagnosis employment as a supplemental measure of the quality of cancer care.

Health Alliance for Prudent Prescribing, Yield and Use of Antimicrobial Drugs in the Treatment of Respiratory Tract Infections (HAPPY AUDIT).

Background: Excessive and inappropriate use of antibiotics is considered to be the most important reason for development of bacterial resistance to antibiotics. As antibiotic resistance may spread across borders, high prevalence countries may serve as a source of bacterial resistance for countries with a low prevalence. Therefore, bacterial resistance is an important issue with a potential serious impact on all countries.

[Antibiotic use in Norway].

Background: Antibiotic use is a major cause of development and spread of resistant bacteria. Sensible antibiotic use should aim at decreasing total antibiotic use and replace broad-spectrum antibiotics with narrow-spectrum ones; pharmaceutical drug statistics are vital in this context.

Material And Methods: Data were collected from the wholesaler-based drug statistics (for the period 1974 - 2007) and from the Norwegian Prescription Database (2006).

Prescription drug use among fathers and mothers before and during pregnancy. A population-based cohort study of 106,000 pregnancies in Norway 2004-2006.

What Is Already Known About This Subject: Mothers are using medicines during pregnancies; the extent varies across the world and is generally difficult to compare. In this registry-based study, we examined more than 100,000 Norwegian pregnancies and described the drug prescription pattern of both fathers and mothers around conception and during pregnancy (mothers).

What This Study Adds: In every trimester of pregnancy, about 30% of the mothers was dispensed a drug.

Molecular dynamics simulations of the interactions between platinum clusters and carbon platelets.

Molecular dynamics simulations have been performed with two reactive force fields to investigate the structure of a Pt100 cluster adsorbed on the three distinct sides of a carbon platelet. A revised Reax force field for the carbon-platinum system is presented. In the simulations, carbon platelet edges both with and without hydrogen termination have been studied.