Can People With Higher Versus Lower Scores on Impression Management or Self-Monitoring Be Identified Through Different Traces Under Faking?

According to faking models, personality variables and faking are related. Most prominently, people's tendency to try to make an appropriate impression (impression management; IM) and their tendency to adjust the impression they make (self-monitoring; SM) have been suggested to be associated with faking. Nevertheless, empirical findings connecting these personality variables to faking have been contradictory, partly because different studies have given individuals different tests to fake and different faking directions (to fake low vs.

IAT faking indices revisited: Aspects of replicability and differential validity.

Research demonstrates that IATs are fakeable. Several indices [either slowing down or speeding up, and increasing errors or reducing errors in congruent and incongruent blocks; Combined Task Slowing (CTS); Ratio 150-10000] have been developed to detect faking. Findings on these are inconclusive, but previous studies have used small samples, suggesting they were statistically underpowered.

Lying on the Dissection Table: Anatomizing Faked Responses.

Research has shown that even experts cannot detect faking above chance, but recent studies have suggested that machine learning may help in this endeavor. However, faking differs between faking conditions, previous efforts have not taken these differences into account, and faking indices have yet to be integrated into such approaches. We reanalyzed seven data sets (N = 1,039) with various faking conditions (high and low scores, different constructs, naïve and informed faking, faking with and without practice, different measures [self-reports vs.

Challenging response latencies in faking detection: The case of few items and no warnings.

AbstractFaking detection is an ongoing challenge in psychological assessment. A notable approach for detecting fakers involves the inspection of response latencies and is based on the congruence model of faking. According to this model, respondents who fake good will provide favorable responses (i.

A Diffusion Model Approach for Understanding the Impact of 17 Interventions on the Race Implicit Association Test.

Performance on implicit measures reflects construct-specific and nonconstruct-specific processes. This creates an interpretive issue for understanding interventions to change implicit measures: Change in performance could reflect changes in the constructs of interest or changes in other mental processes. We reanalyzed data from six studies ( = 23,342) to examine the process-level effects of 17 interventions and one sham intervention to change race implicit association test (IAT) performance.

Trying to separate the wheat from the chaff: Construct- and faking-related variance on the Implicit Association Test (IAT).

Recent research has indicated that diffusion model analyses allow the user to decompose the traditional IAT effect (D measure) into three newly developed IAT effects: IATv, which has already been shown to be significantly related to the construct-related variance of the IAT effect, and IATa and IATt0, both of which have been assumed to provide an indication of faking. But research on the impacts of faking on IATv, IATa, and IATt0 is still warranted. By reanalyzing a data set containing both faked and unfaked IAT effects, we investigated whether diffusion model analyses could be used to separate construct-related variance from faking-related variance on the IAT.

Optical mirror from laser-trapped mesoscopic particles.

Trapping of mesoscopic particles by optical forces usually relies on the gradient force, whereby particles are attracted into optical wells formed by landscaping the intensity of an optical field. This is most often achieved by optical Gaussian beams, interference patterns, general phase contrast methods, or other mechanisms. Hence, although the simultaneous trapping of several hundreds of particles can be achieved, these particles remain mostly independent with negligible interaction.

Reading times and adaptive styles among patients diagnosed with psychosis as assessed by the Serial Color-Word Test.

The present study focuses on how patients diagnosed with psychosis deal with a conflicting situation. In the study, two groups of patients were assessed. One group consisted of patients diagnosed with psychosis (n = 41), while the comparison group (n = 135) consisted of inpatients diagnosed either with anorexia nervosa or with bulimia nervosa.

Recognition bias and the physical attractiveness stereotype.

Previous studies have found a recognition bias for information consistent with the physical attractiveness stereotype (PAS), in which participants believe that they remember that attractive individuals have positive qualities and that unattractive individuals have negative qualities, regardless of what information actually occurred. The purpose of this research was to examine whether recognition bias for PAS congruent information is replicable and invariant across a variety of conditions (i.e.

Holographic UV laser microsurgery.

We use a spatial light modulator (SLM) to diffract a single UV laser pulse to ablate multiple points on a Drosophila embryo. This system dynamically generates a phase hologram for ablating a user-defined pattern fast enough to be used with living, and thus moving, tissue. We demonstrate the ability of this single-pulse multi-point system to perform two experiments that are very difficult for conventional microsurgery-isolating single cells in vivo and measuring fast retractions from large incisions.

Exaggeration is harder than understatement, but practice makes perfect!

Previous research on the fakeability of the Implicit Association Test (IAT) yielded inconsistent results. The present study simultaneously analyses several relevant factors: faking direction, type of instructions, and practice. Furthermore, it takes baseline individual differences into account.

Physical attractiveness stereotype and memory.

Three experiments examined explicit and implicit memory for information that is congruent with the physical attractiveness stereotype (i.e. attractive-positive and unattractive-negative) and information that is incongruent with the physical attractiveness stereotype (i.

Combining multiple optical trapping with microflow manipulation for the rapid bioanalytics on microparticles in a chip.

An array of four independent laser traps is combined with a polydimethylsiloxane microfluidic chip to form a very compact system allowing parallel processing of biological objects. Strong three dimensional trapping allows holding objects such as functionalized beads in flows at speeds near 1 mm/s, enabling rapid processing. By pressure control of the inlet flows, the trapped objects can be put in contact with different solutions for analysis purpose.

Miniaturized high-NA focusing-mirror multiple optical tweezers.

An array of high numerical aperture parabolic micromirrors (NA = 0.96) is used to generate multiple optical tweezers and to trap micron-sized dielectric particles in three dimensions within a fluidic device. The array of micromirrors allows generating arbitrarily large numbers of 3D traps, since the whole trapping area is not restricted by the field-of-view of the high-NA microscope objectives used in traditional tweezers arrangements.

Do self-presentation concerns moderate the relationship between implicit and explicit homonegativity measures?

This study investigated whether the relation between implicit and explicit homonegativity measures is affected by self-presentation concerns, since previous research in this area has been inconclusive. In Experiment 1, 70 high-school students made evaluative ratings of pictures of homosexual and heterosexual couples. Self-presentation was manipulated by either instructing participants that the study concerned attitudes regarding sexual orientation (socially sensitive) or attitudes regarding age (less sensitive).

Escape trajectories of single-beam optically trapped micro-particles in a transverse fluid flow.

We have studied the transverse and axial equilibrium positions of dielectric micro-spheres trapped in a single-beam gradient optical trap and exposed to an increasing fluid flow transverse to the trapping beam axis. It is demonstrated that the axial equilibrium position of a trapped micro-sphere is a function of its transverse position in the trapping beam. Moreover, although the applied drag-force acts perpendicularly to the beam axis, reaching a certain distance r(0) from the beam axis (r(0)/a approximately 0.

[Subjective wellbeing of shift workers in relation to individual characteristics of circadian rhythm].

With a goal to test the influence of individual traits of circadian rhythms on the tolerance of shiftwork a circadian questionnaire has been developed with the method of factors analysis. There are two scales in the final form of the questionnaire representing two chronobiological characteristics: morningness - eveningsness (circadian phase-position) and flexibility of the sleep-wake-rhythm. Sex- and age-norms exist for the two scales.

[Comparison of the effects of analgesia-producing peripheral and central stimulations in cats. Effect of nalorphine (author's transl)].

The effects of weak intensity percutaneous peripheral stimulations (SPPc) on the transmission of nociceptive messages induced by stimulation of the dental pulp have been studied on anaesthetized cats. 1. The jaw opening reflex (ROG) and the evoked potentials in the thalamic center median (CM), by stimulation of the dental pulp, disappear after a mean of 30 min after the start of SPPc.

[The effect of nalorphine on analgesia induced by peripheral stimulation].

The blockade of effects induced by percutaneous peripheral stimulation were abolished by injection of an opiate antagonist as nalorphine. Our results lead to the hypothesis that central and peripheral stimulations act by the same mechanism in producing blockade of noxious impulses. One may suggest that peripheral stimulations induce release of endogenous morphine-like substances which in turn give descending inhibition.

[Nociceptive afferent blockade by percutaneous peripheral stimulation in the cat].

Experiments have been performed in order to study the effects of percutaneous peripheral stimulation (PCPS) both on the transmission of messages elicited by recruiting sensory units of the tooth pulp at the thalamic Centrum Medianum Level and on the jaw opening reflex (JOR). Both evoked potentials and JOR were inhibited by stimuli applied to the limbs by means of percutaneous (needle) electrodes. Observed inhibitory effects were not immediate: there was a latency period and progressive induction of these phenomena.