Nutrient digestibility and growth performance of pigs fed pearl millet as a replacement for corn.

Three experiments were conducted to determine the value of pearl millet grain, grown at either Purdue University or the University of Nebraska, as a substitute for corn in the diets of young pigs. In Exp. 1, 24 crossbred barrows, average initial weight of 20.

Pearl millet in diets of white Pekin ducks.

In two 21-d experiments, the performance, nutrient utilization, and carcass composition of ducks fed diets containing pearl millet were compared with those fed diets containing corn. Corn, in diets at two protein levels (22 vs 18% in Experiment 1 and 22 vs 16% in Experiment 2), was replaced by pearl millet either on an equal-weight or isonitrogenous basis. During the first 2 wk of the first experiment, corn diets compared on an isonitrogenous basis were superior (P < .

Comparative extraction methods for spectrophotometric analysis of uric acid in avian excreta.

Different extraction techniques were compared in uric acid analysis of avian excreta. These include five extraction reagents (0.1 M sodium hydroxide, 0.

Effect of beta, beta'-tetramethyl-substituted hexadecanedioic acid (MEDICA 16) on laying hen performance and egg yolk lipid composition.

1. beta, beta'-tetramethyl-substituted hexadecanedioic acid (MEDICA 16), an inhibitor of hepatic cholesterogenesis and lipogenesis in rats, was orally administered to 24-week-old White Leghorn hens for a period of 16 d. Hens were fed maize-soya-bean meal diets containing 0, 1.

Comparative effects of dietary tannins in ducks, chicks, and rats.

Studies were conducted to compare the effects of feeding high-tannin sorghum (HTS)- and low-tannin sorghum (LTS)-based diets suboptimal in protein to ducks, chicks, and rats. In the first series of experiments, Savanna (HTS) depressed both growth and feed efficiency of chicks and rats when compared with animals fed RS-610 (LTS). In contrast, ducks fed Savanna-based diets exhibited greater weight gains, but poorer feed efficiency values than birds fed RS-610.

Effects of dietary nonspecific nitrogen on [14C]glutamate and [14C]proline incorporation into bone proteins in chicks.

The incorporation of [14C]glutamic acid into EDTA-soluble and -insoluble calvaria protein in vitro and [14C]proline into EDTA-insoluble femur protein in vivo was determined in chicks fed inadequate and adequate levels of nonspecific nitrogen (glutamic acid). In each instance, the amount of amino acid incorporated into bone protein was reduced by the low level of nonspecific nitrogen. It was concluded that the high incidence of leg abnormalities observed in chicks fed purified diets containing adequate levels of indispensable amino acids but lacking in total nitrogen might be associated with an inability to form bone matrix protein.

Induction of proline-rich proteins in hamster salivary glands by isoproterenol treatment and an unusual growth inhibition by tannins.

Treatment of hamsters with the beta-agonist isoproterenol caused a dramatic increase in a series of unusual proteins in the parotid and submandibular glands. These proteins are acid soluble and they contain high amounts (mol%) of glutamate plus glutamine (30-35), proline (23-30), and glycine (12-25). Three proteins (HP45, HP43a, and HP43b) were isolated from trichloroacetic acid extracts of parotid glands of isoproterenol-treated hamsters.

Response of growth-selected Japanese quail lines to tannin levels in grain sorghum diets with suboptimal protein.

Growth of selected lines of Japanese quail fed grain sorghum diets was evaluated. Suboptimal protein levels (23 and 25%) were used in conjunction with two varieties of sorghum differing in tannin content (.02 vs.

Effects of D-amino acids on growth rate and kidney D-amino acid oxidase in chicks.

Studies were conducted on the effects of feeding D-amino acids on growth rate and D-amino acid oxidase (DAAO) in chick kidney. The crystalline amino acid (AA) diet provided seven amino acids either in the L-form or the DL-form at two concentrations (DL- or .5 DL-AA diets) with all diets containing equal amounts of L-amino acids.

Methionine requirement of male white Pekin ducklings.

Two experiments were conducted to determine the methionine (Met) requirement of male White Pekin ducklings. In each study, day-old ducklings were raised in electrically heated battery brooders and fed a corn-peanut meal basal diet (dry mash) supplemented with either 0, .06, .

Dietary self-selection and the regulation of protein and energy intake in chicks.

Studies were conducted to determine whether chicks could regulate their protein intake independent of total energy intake in self-selection feeding trials. Day-old White Mountain cockerels were reared in electrically-heated battery brooders and given access to either a 23% protein control ration (no choice) or two diets containing 10% or 60% protein with or without supplemental amino acids. The latter were added to either improve the dietary amino acid balance or to alter plasma and brain levels of free large neutral amino acids (tryptophan, isoleucine, leucine, valine, phenylalanine, and tyrosine) which have been implicated in the neuroregulation of feed intake.

Effects of a nonspecific nitrogen deficiency on growth rate and leg problems in chicks.

Five experiments were conducted using crystalline amino acid and semipurified diets containing adequate levels of all indispensable amino acids, vitamins, and minerals to study the effects of dispensable amino acids on growth and the incidence of leg abnormalities of male chicks. Purified diets containing 5% L-glutamic acid as the sole source of nonspecific nitrogen resulted in poor growth and feed efficiency, high mortality, and a high incidence of leg abnormalities with many severe cases of this condition. Increasing the dietary level of L-glutamic acid to 10% of the purified diet or supplementing the 5% L-glutamic acid diet with 2.

The effects of sorghum tannin and methionine level on the performance of laying hens maintained in two temperature environments.

At the conclusion of a 31-day recovery period following a previous sorghum feeding trial (Sell et al., 1983), 128 White Leghorn hens were used in a subsequent 44-day study to investigate the effects of methionine supplementation of sorghum-soybean meal diets on laying hen performance. The hens were arrayed into four nutritional treatments in each of two constant environments (22 and 28 C) based on their egg production during the last 10 days of the recovery period within a previous treatment and environment so that equal numbers of hens from the previous treatments were represented in the new treatments.

The effects of sorghum tannin and protein level on the performance of laying hens maintained in two temperature environments.

A study was conducted to investigate the effect of sorghum grain tannins on the performance of laying hens. A total of 144 White Leghorn hens were arrayed according to egg production during a 10-day preexperimental period into eight groups consisting of four nutritional treatments in each of two constant temperature environments (22 and 28 C). The nutritional treatments consisted of low (RS610) and high (Savanna) tannin sorghum grains compared isonitrogenously within a protein level at two protein levels (11.

Effects of sorghum grain tannins and dietary protein on the activity of liver UDP-glucuronyltransferase.

The activity of liver microsomal UDP-glucuronyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.

Modulation of proline-rich protein biosynthesis in rat parotid glands by sorghums with high tannin levels.

Feeding of sorghum with a high level of tannin (high-tannin sorghum) to rats caused changes in gene expression in parotid glands similar to isoproterenol treatment. Within 3 days the parotid glands were enlarged about 3-fold and a series of proline-rich proteins were increased about 12-fold. Unlike isoproterenol treatment, no changes were observed in the submandibular glands, and a Mr 220,000 glycoprotein in parotid glands was not induced.

Effect of thiouracil on response to heat stress of White Leghorn lines selected for fast and slow gain in two temperatures.

Four lines of White Leghorns previously selected for fast and slow gain from 5 to 9 weeks of age in a hot (32.2 C) and in a cold (21.1 C) selection environment were grown from 5 to 9 weeks in the same two temperature environments.

Partial alleviation of phenylalanine toxicity in the chick by supplemental dietary tryptophan.

Studies were conducted to determine the physiological effects of feeding diets containing high levels of phenylalanine to chicks. Marked reductions in weight gain and feed conversion were observed in birds fed a diet containing 2.52% L-phenylalanine and .

Performance at two rearing temperatures of White Leghorn lines selected for increased and decreased survival under heat stress.

Body weight and percent mortality resulting from heat stress at 40.6 C were determined on two lines selected for resistance and susceptibility to heat stress by the Florida Agricultural Experiment Station and reared from 5 to 9 weeks of age in two temperatures, 32.2 C and 21.

Survival under heat stress of lines selected for fast and slow growth at two temperatures.

Two replicates of four lines of White Leghorn chickens previously selected for fast and slow gain from 5 to 9 weeks of age in a hot (32.2 C) and cold (21.1 C) selection environment were grown from 5 to 9 weeks in the hot and cold temperature environments and then subjected to high temperature stress at 40.

Influence of phenylalanine and lysine deficiencies on thyroid morphology in the chick.

A study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary phenylalanine and lysine deficiencies on thyroid morphology in chicks fed crystalline amino acid diets. Both mean follicle diameter and epithelial cell height were significantly reduced in birds fed either of the deficient diets as compared with controls. These results agree with previous studies on serum T4 and T3 concentrations where the effects of an amino acid deficiency were general and not limited to precursors of thyroxine.

Response to selection at two temperatures for fast and slow growth from five to nine weeks of age in poultry.

Cornell Control White Leghorn chicks were grown in a common environment to five weeks of age and selected for fast and slow gain in body weight from five to nine weeks of age at two temperatures, 21.1 degrees (cold) and 32.2 degrees (hot), during which time a constant 50% relative humidity was maintained.