Yellowness in skin complexion: Analysis of self-perception of women in China evaluated against clinical parameters of yellowness.

Background: Skin "yellowness" is an abstract and subjective term, without a definitive measurement protocol. Objectives were to analyze Chinese women's self-perception of skin yellowness and associated parameters and identify objective clinical measurements that correlate with these perceptions.

Methods: Following focus group discussions, criteria for skin yellowness were defined, and validated by volunteer rankings of facial images.

The impact of air pollution on the facial skin of Caucasian women using real-life pollutant exposure measurements.

Background: To date, studies examining the effect of air pollution on skin characteristics have relied on regional pollution estimates obtained from fixed monitoring sites. Hence, there remains a need to characterize the impact of air pollution in vivo in real-time conditions. We conducted an initial investigation under real-life conditions, with the purpose of characterizing the in vivo impact of various pollutants on the facial skin condition of women living in Paris over a 6-month period.

Screen-printing of chitosan and cationised cellulose nanofibril coatings for integration into functional face masks with potential antiviral activity.

Masks proved to be necessary protective measure during the COVID-19 pandemic, but they provided a physical barrier rather than inactivating viruses, increasing the risk of cross-infection. In this study, high-molecular weight chitosan and cationised cellulose nanofibrils were screen-printed individually or as a mixture onto the inner surface of the first polypropylene (PP) layer. First, biopolymers were evaluated by various physicochemical methods for their suitability for screen-printing and antiviral activity.

Modeling of global skin aging indices among Caucasian and Asian women.

Background: The skin aging process is defined as the gradual degradation of several skin properties such as firmness, color, or the appearance of wrinkles. These properties can be assessed by trained experts, who perform an overall evaluation of the entire face.

Objective: The objective of this paper is the construction of two Global Skin Aging Indices specifically designed to model the overall skin aging process of Caucasian and Asian women.

Impact of a Novel Diabetes Support System on a Cohort of Individuals With Type 1 Diabetes Treated With Multiple Daily Injections: A Multicenter Randomized Study.

Objective: Achieving optimal glycemic control for many individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) remains challenging, even with the advent of newer management tools, including continuous glucose monitoring (CGM). Modern management of T1D generates a wealth of data; however, use of these data to optimize glycemic control remains limited. We evaluated the impact of a CGM-based decision support system (DSS) in patients with T1D using multiple daily injections (MDI).

The effect of air pollution on the skin colour and tone of Chinese women: A multicentre cohort study.

Background: Overall facial skin colour is an important sign of perceived health and attractiveness, is predetermined by genetic factors, and is influenced by cultural and living habits, ultraviolet (UV) exposure, climate/seasons and ageing. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of pollution on the skin colour of Chinese women.

Materials And Methods: A total of 203 Chinese women between 20 and 59 years of age participated in the study and were selected from two cities with different levels of air pollution.

Self-perceived and objective measurements of facial puffiness in Chinese women.

Background: Facial puffiness, caused by mild or normal fluid retention, commonly experienced by women, may not pose a health risk, but it can be a cause of cosmetic concern. The objectives of this study were to determine whether self-perceived facial puffiness can be measured objectively.

Materials And Methods: A total of 151 Chinese women between 20 and 68 years of age were recruited.

Real-time skin chromophore estimation from hyperspectral images using a neural network.

Background: Hyperspectral imaging for in vivo human skin study has shown great potential by providing non-invasive measurement from which information usually invisible to the human eye can be revealed. In particular, maps of skin parameters including oxygen rate, blood volume fraction, and melanin concentration can be estimated from a hyperspectral image by using an optical model and an optimization algorithm. These applications, relying on hyperspectral images acquired with a high-resolution camera especially dedicated to skin measurement, have yielded promising results.

Safety and Efficacy of Initializing the Control-IQ Artificial Pancreas System Based on Total Daily Insulin in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes.

To assess the safety and efficacy of a simplified initialization for the Tandem t:slim X2 Control-IQ hybrid closed-loop system, using parameters based on total daily insulin ("MyTDI") in adolescents with type 1 diabetes under usual activity and during periods of increased exercise. Adolescents with type 1 diabetes 12-18 years of age used Control-IQ for 5 days at home using their usual parameters. Upon arrival at a 60-h ski camp, participants were randomized to either continue Control-IQ using their home settings or to reinitialize Control-IQ with MyTDI parameters.

Hybrid Closed-Loop Control Is Safe and Effective for People with Type 1 Diabetes Who Are at Moderate to High Risk for Hypoglycemia.

Typically, closed-loop control (CLC) studies excluded patients with significant hypoglycemia. We evaluated the effectiveness of hybrid CLC (HCLC) versus sensor-augmented pump (SAP) in reducing hypoglycemia in this high-risk population. Forty-four subjects with type 1 diabetes, 25 women, 37 ± 2 years old, HbA1c 7.

Three-dimensional conditional random field for the dermal-epidermal junction segmentation.

The segmentation of the dermal-epidermal junction (DEJ) in confocal images represents a challenging task due to uncertainty in visual labeling and complex dependencies between skin layers. We propose a method to segment the DEJ surface, which combines random forest classification with spatial regularization based on a three-dimensional conditional random field (CRF) to improve the classification robustness. The CRF regularization introduces spatial constraints consistent with skin anatomy and its biological behavior.

Continuous Glucose Monitoring and Insulin Informed Advisory System with Automated Titration and Dosing of Insulin Reduces Glucose Variability in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.

Background: Glucose variability (GV) remains a key limiting factor in the success of diabetes management. While new technologies, for example, accurate continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and connected insulin delivery devices, are now available, current treatment standards fail to leverage the wealth of information generated. Expert systems, from automated insulin delivery to advisory systems, are a key missing element to richer, more personalized, glucose management in diabetes.

Closed-Loop Control During Intense Prolonged Outdoor Exercise in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes: The Artificial Pancreas Ski Study.

Objective: Intense exercise is a major challenge to the management of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Closed-loop control (CLC) systems (artificial pancreas) improve glycemic control during limited intensity and short duration of physical activity (PA). However, CLC has not been tested during extended vigorous outdoor exercise common among adolescents.

SpectraCam : A new polarized hyperspectral imaging system for repeatable and reproducible in vivo skin quantification of melanin, total hemoglobin, and oxygen saturation.

Background: An accurate way to determine skin pigmentation is to acquire the spectral reflectance of a skin sample and to quantify chromophores by reverse calculation from physical models of light propagation. Therefore, we tested a new hyperspectral imaging device and software suite, the SpectraCam system, and evaluated its accuracy to quantify skin chromophores.

Methods: Validation of the SpectraCam system was performed by, firstly, comparing the known and the acquired reflectance spectra of color phantoms.

Non-senescent keratinocytes organize in plasma membrane submicrometric lipid domains enriched in sphingomyelin and involved in re-epithelialization.

Membrane lipid raft model has long been debated, but recently the concept of lipid submicrometric domains has emerged to characterize larger (micrometric) and more stable lipid membrane domains. Such domains organize signaling platforms involved in normal or pathological conditions. In this study, adhering human keratinocytes were investigated for their ability to organize such specialized lipid domains.

Performance of an Artificial Pancreas System for Young Children with Type 1 Diabetes.

Background: Young children 5-8 years old with type 1 diabetes (T1D) exhibit clear needs for improved glycemic control but may be limited in their ability to safely interact with an artificial pancreas system. Our goal was to evaluate the safety and performance of an artificial pancreas (AP) system among young children with T1D.

Research Design And Methods: In a randomized, crossover trial, children with T1D age 5-8 years were enrolled to receive on separate study periods (in random order) either the UVa AP using the DiAs Control Platform software with child-resistant lock-out screens (followed as an out-patient admission) or their usual insulin pump+continuous glucose monitor (CGM) care at home.

Repeated short climatic change affects the epidermal differentiation program and leads to matrix remodeling in a human organotypic skin model.

Human skin is subject to frequent changes in ambient temperature and humidity and needs to cope with these environmental modifications. To decipher the molecular response of human skin to repeated climatic change, a versatile model of skin equivalent subject to "hot-wet" (40°C, 80% relative humidity [RH]) or "cold-dry" (10°C, 40% RH) climatic stress repeated daily was used. To obtain an exhaustive view of the molecular mechanisms elicited by climatic change, large-scale gene expression DNA microarray analysis was performed and modulated function was determined by bioinformatic annotation.

Probing multilayer stack reflectors by low coherence interferometry in extreme ultraviolet.

We use low coherence interferometry to investigate the depth structure of a complex multilayer stack reflector. The probing instrument is an interferometer based on a Fresnel's bi-mirror illuminated by relatively wide-band synchrotron undulator light near 13.5 nm.