CD11c-Expressing Microglia Are Transient, Driven by Interactions With Apoptotic Cells.

Microglia, the parenchymal macrophage of the central nervous system, serve crucial remodeling functions throughout development. Microglia are transcriptionally heterogenous, suggesting that distinct microglial states confer discrete roles. Currently, little is known about how dynamic these states are, the cues that promote them, or how they impact microglial function.

Older US adults' experiences with and views about cognitive screening and blood biomarker testing for Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: Dementia is underdiagnosed in the United States. Understanding of older adults' experiences with screening is needed to optimize diagnosis.

Methods: US adults ages 65 to 80 ( = 1298) were surveyed on experiences with cognitive screening and blood biomarker (BBM) testing.

Common Questions and Misconceptions About Energy Drinks: What Does the Scientific Evidence Really Show?

Energy drinks are a commonly consumed beverage, and studies suggest a possible performance-enhancing effect. A Google Scholar search using the keywords "energy drinks" and "exercise" yields numerous results, underscoring the voluminous research on this topic. However, there are questions regarding the effectiveness and safety of energy drinks.

Self- versus clinician-collected swabs in anal cancer screening: A clinical trial.

Background: Risk of anal cancer is high in certain populations and screening involves collection of anal swabs for HPV DNA and/or cytology testing. However, barriers exist, such as the need for an intimate examination, and stigma around HIV status, sexual orientation, and sexual practices. Self-collected anal swabs (SCA) are a proposed alternative to clinician-collected swabs (CCA) to overcome these barriers.

" " Exploring the Experiences of Black and Hispanic Parents following a Congenital Heart Disease Diagnosis.

 Congenital heart disease (CHD) is an important contributor to pediatric morbidity and mortality. Unfortunately, disparities in the diagnosis and treatment of CHD exist across racial and ethnic groups. The objective of this study was to share the experiences of Hispanic and Black families with CHD to better understand their needs.

Harnessing the Power of Our Immune System: The Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Properties of Nitric Oxide.

Nitric oxide (NO) is a free radical of the human innate immune response to invading pathogens. NO, produced by nitric oxide synthases (NOSs), is used by the immune system to kill microorganisms encapsulated within phagosomes via protein and DNA disruption. Owing to its ability to disperse biofilm-bound microorganisms, penetrate the biofilm matrix, and act as a signal molecule, NO may also be effective as an antibiofilm agent.

Dynamic PK/PD Infection Models for the Development and Optimisation of Antimicrobial Regimens: A Narrative Review.

The antimicrobial concentration-time profile in humans affects antimicrobial activity, and as such, it is critical for preclinical infection models to simulate human-like dynamic concentration-time profiles for maximal translatability. This review discusses the setup, principle, and application of various dynamic PK/PD infection models commonly used in the development and optimisation of antimicrobial treatment regimens. It covers the commonly used dynamic infection models, including the one-compartment model, hollow fibre infection model, biofilm model, bladder infection model, and aspergillus infection model.

Comparison of two techniques to blind end jejunum and ileum for jejunocaecostomy in horses.

Background: Jejunocaecostomy (JC) is frequently required to bypass diseased ileum as a side-to-side (SS) anastomosis with blind end closure of the small intestine. The effects of the blind end closure method on the performance of the anastomosis have not been studied.

Objectives: To compare handsewn and stapled blind end closures of the ileum and jejunum.

Vessel strike encounter risk model informs mortality risk for endangered North Atlantic right whales along the United States east coast.

Vessel strikes are a critical threat to endangered North Atlantic right whales (Eubalaena glacialis), significantly contributing to their elevated mortality. Accurate estimates of these mortality rates are essential for developing effective management strategies to aid in the species' recovery. This study enhances existing vessel strike models by incorporating detailed regional data on vessel traffic characteristics as well as whale distribution and behavior.

Designing and implementing the IDEAL Study: A randomized clinical trial of genotype disclosure for late-onset Alzheimer's disease in an urban Latino population.

Introduction: The (IDEAL) Study is a randomized clinical trial investigating the psychosocial, behavioral, and cognitive impacts of apolipoprotein E () genotype disclosure for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) among Latinos.

Methods: We used address-based sampling to recruit English- and Spanish-speaking Latinos aged 40-64 living in northern Manhattan for a community-based Baseline Survey about their knowledge and opinions about AD. Participants eligible for the clinical trial were invited to complete an Introductory Session, including AD and genetics education and informed consent, before undergoing genotyping for .

The impact of common and rare genetic variants on bradyarrhythmia development.

To broaden our understanding of bradyarrhythmias and conduction disease, we performed common variant genome-wide association analyses in up to 1.3 million individuals and rare variant burden testing in 460,000 individuals for sinus node dysfunction (SND), distal conduction disease (DCD) and pacemaker (PM) implantation. We identified 13, 31 and 21 common variant loci for SND, DCD and PM, respectively.

Structural basis for catalysis and selectivity of phospholipid synthesis by eukaryotic choline-phosphotransferase.

Phospholipids are the most abundant component in lipid membranes and are essential for the structural and functional integrity of the cell. In eukaryotic cells, phospholipids are primarily synthesized de novo through the Kennedy pathway that involves multiple enzymatic processes. The terminal reaction is mediated by a group of cytidine-5'-diphosphate (CDP)-choline /CDP-ethanolamine-phosphotransferases (CPT/EPT) that use 1,2-diacylglycerol (DAG) and CDP-choline or CDP-ethanolamine to produce phosphatidylcholine (PC) or phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) that are the main phospholipids in eukaryotic cells.

Designing, implementing and evaluating multidisciplinary healthcare training programmes in the wartime humanitarian context of Ukraine.

Introduction: Civilian healthcare workers (HCW) and medical facilities are directly and indirectly impacted by armed conflict. In the Russia-Ukraine war, acute trauma care needs grew, the workforce was destabilised by HCW migrating or shifting roles to meet conflict needs, and facilities faced surge events. Chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear and explosive (CBRNE) exposure risks created unique preparedness needs.

Mechanical Circulatory Support for Acute Myocardial Infarction Cardiogenic Shock: Review and Recent Updates.

Cardiogenic shock (CS) in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a life-threatening syndrome characterized by systemic hypoperfusion that can quickly progress to multiorgan failure and death. Various devices and configurations of mechanical circulatory support (MCS) exist to support patients, each with unique pathophysiological characteristics. The Intra-aortic balloon pump can improve coronary perfusion, decrease afterload, and indirectly augment cardiac output.

Successful Multi-Modal Laser Intervention and Histopathological Evaluation of Multiple Glomangiomas.

Objectives: Glomangiomas are benign vascular malformations that exist within the spectrum of glomuvenous malformations which consist of varying amounts of glomus cells, vascular spaces, and smooth muscle. Glomangiomas are often treated due to associated pain, particularly when located on pressure areas such as the back or extensor surfaces, which can cause difficulty with certain activities and occupational functions. Histologically glomangiomas consist of prominent dilated vascular spaces lined by glomus cells typically situated in the deep-dermis to subcutaneous fat which limits treatment to modalities capable of reaching the depth of the tumor including excision, sclerotherapy, and laser therapy.

Population pharmacokinetics and dosing simulations of temocillin in liver-transplanted paediatric patients: a prospective, open-label, non-randomized study.

Objectives: Temocillin is a β-lactam antibiotic used for preventing or treating bacterial infections in liver-transplanted children. We characterized its pharmacokinetics in plasma and ascitic fluid and proposed dosing regimens that maximize the achievement of effective drug exposures in this patient group.

Methods: Patients aged 6-36 months received 25 mg/kg/12 h (n = 14) or 25 mg/kg/8 h (n = 23).

Transcriptomic and genetic profiling in a spontaneous non-human primate model of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and sudden cardiac death.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) afflicts humans, cats, pigs, and rhesus macaques. Disease sequelae include congestive heart failure, thromboembolism, and sudden cardiac death (SCD). Sarcomeric mutations explain some human and cat cases, however, the molecular basis in rhesus macaques remains unknown.

Communicating Genetic Information: An Empathy-based Framework.

Contemporary healthcare environments are becoming increasingly informationally demanding. This requires patients, and those supporting them, to engage with a broad range of expert knowledge. At the same time, patients must find ways to make sense of this information in the context of their own values and needs.

Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder in Pediatric Liver Transplant Patients.

Introduction: Following liver transplantation (LT), adequate nutrition is essential, as malnutrition may contribute to slower growth in pediatric patients and put patients at risk of complications following transplant. Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID) is an eating disorder characterized by restrictive eating patterns that compromise nutrition. Patients with ARFID may have significant difficulty meeting nutritional needs due to fear of gastrointestinal distress, making it especially difficult to manage in patients following LT.

Outcomes of Systematic Transrectal Ultrasound-Guided Prostate Biopsy Performed by a Surgical Care Practitioner and Implications for Resource-Poor Countries.

Introduction Prostate cancer remains the most prevalent cancer among men and continues to present a significant public health challenge globally. The disease's growing prevalence has heightened the demand for skilled professionals capable of obtaining histological samples for accurate diagnosis, as tissue biopsy remains the cornerstone for diagnosing prostate cancer. Surgical care practitioners have become integral to the surgical team, and their roles have expanded to include performing biopsies.

A Pooled Pharmacokinetic Analysis for Piperacillin/Tazobactam Across Different Patient Populations: From Premature Infants to the Elderly.

Background And Objectives: The pharmacokinetics (PK) of piperacillin/tazobactam (PIP/TAZ) is highly variable across different patient populations and there are controversies regarding non-linear elimination as well as the fraction unbound of PIP (f). This has led to a plethora of subgroup-specific models, increasing the risk of misusing published models when optimising dosing regimens. In this study, we aimed to develop a single model to simultaneously describe the PK of PIP/TAZ in diverse patient populations and evaluate the current dosing recommendations by predicting the PK/pharmacodynamics (PD) target attainment throughout life.

12-Spin-Qubit Arrays Fabricated on a 300 mm Semiconductor Manufacturing Line.

Intel's efforts to build a practical quantum computer are focused on developing a scalable spin-qubit platform leveraging industrial high-volume semiconductor manufacturing expertise and 300 mm fabrication infrastructure. Here, we provide an overview of the design, fabrication, and demonstration of a new customized quantum test chip, which contains 12-quantum-dot spin-qubit linear arrays, code named Tunnel Falls. These devices are fabricated using immersion and extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUV), along with other standard high-volume manufacturing (HVM) processes as well as production-level process control.