Long-term colorectal cancer incidence in a post-endoscopic screening cohort, accounting for surveillance, by baseline polyp group, anatomic subsite, and sex.

Objectives: Colonoscopy surveillance is often performed in post-polypectomy cohorts, likely altering colorectal cancer (CRC) outcomes, but this is often not addressed in CRC incidence analyses. We examined CRC incidence post-endoscopic screening, accounting for surveillance.

Methods: We examined UK Flexible Sigmoidoscopy Screening Trial participants who had no, low-risk, or high-risk (≥10 mm, ≥3 adenomas, adenomas with villous features/high-grade dysplasia) distal polyps at screening.

Myonuclear and satellite cell content of the vastus lateralis and soleus with 70 days of simulated microgravity and the NASA SPRINT exercise program.

We previously observed a range of whole muscle and individual slow and fast myofiber size responses (mean: +4 to -24%) in quadriceps (vastus lateralis) and triceps surae (soleus) muscles of individuals undergoing 70 days of simulated microgravity with or without the NASA SPRINT exercise countermeasures program. The purpose of the current investigation was to further explore, in these same individuals, the content of myonuclei and satellite cells, both of which are key regulators of skeletal muscle mass. Individuals completed 6° head-down-tilt bedrest (BR, = 9), bedrest with resistance and aerobic exercise (BRE, = 9), or bedrest with resistance and aerobic exercise and low-dose testosterone (BRE + T, = 8).

Widespread adaptive evolution in angiosperm photosystems provides insight into the evolution of photosystem II repair.

Oxygenic photosynthesis generates the initial energy source that fuels nearly all life on Earth. At the heart of the process are the photosystems, which are pigment binding multiprotein complexes that catalyze the first step of photochemical conversion of light energy into chemical energy. Here, we investigate the molecular evolution of the plastid-encoded photosystem subunits at single-residue resolution across 773 angiosperm species.

Improving Sensitivity and Longevity of In Vivo Glutamate Sensors with Electrodeposited NanoPt.

In vivo glutamate sensing has provided valuable insight into the physiology and pathology of the brain. Electrochemical glutamate biosensors, constructed by cross-linking glutamate oxidase onto an electrode and oxidizing HO as a proxy for glutamate, are the gold standard for in vivo glutamate measurements for many applications. While glutamate sensors have been employed ubiquitously for acute measurements, there are almost no reports of long-term, chronic glutamate sensing in vivo, despite demonstrations of glutamate sensors lasting for weeks in vitro.

Long-term effects of once-only flexible sigmoidoscopy screening on colorectal cancer incidence and mortality: 21-year follow-up of the UK Flexible Sigmoidoscopy Screening randomised controlled trial.

Background: Flexible sigmoidoscopy screening reduces colorectal cancer incidence and mortality; however, uncertainty exists about the duration of protection and differences by sex and age. We assessed effects of once-only flexible sigmoidoscopy screening after 21 years' follow-up.

Methods: The UK Flexible Sigmoidoscopy Screening Trial is a multicentre randomised controlled trial that recruited men and women aged 55-64 years from general practices serving 14 hospitals.

Detailed DNA methylation characterisation of phyllodes tumours identifies a signature of malignancy and distinguishes phyllodes from metaplastic breast carcinoma.

Phyllodes tumours (PTs) are rare fibroepithelial lesions of the breast that are classified as benign, borderline, or malignant. As little is known about the molecular underpinnings of PTs, current diagnosis relies on histological examination. However, accurate classification is often difficult, particularly for distinguishing borderline from malignant PTs.

Electrically Controlled Vasodilator Delivery from PEDOT/Silica Nanoparticle Modulates Vessel Diameter in Mouse Brain.

Vascular damage and reduced tissue perfusion are expected to majorly contribute to the loss of neurons or neural signals around implanted electrodes. However, there are limited methods of controlling the vascular dynamics in tissues surrounding these implants. This work utilizes conducting polymer poly(ethylenedioxythiophene) and sulfonated silica nanoparticle composite (PEDOT/SNP) to load and release a vasodilator, sodium nitroprusside, to controllably dilate the vasculature around carbon fiber electrodes (CFEs) implanted in the mouse cortex.

A study to assess the impact of the cobas point-of-care RT-PCR assay (SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza A/B) on patient clinical management in the emergency department of the University of California at Davis Medical Center.

Background: Rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 is crucial for reduction of transmission and clinical decision-making. Several rapid (<30 min) molecular point-of-care (POC) tests based on nucleic acid amplification exist for diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 & Influenza A/B infections.

Methods: This unblinded, pre-post study enrolled consecutive patients with symptoms/signs consistent with SARS-CoV-2 infection presenting to the University of California, Davis emergency department (ED).

Real-time in vivo thoracic spinal glutamate sensing during myocardial ischemia.

In the spinal cord, glutamate serves as the primary excitatory neurotransmitter. Monitoring spinal glutamate concentrations offers valuable insights into spinal neural processing. Consequently, spinal glutamate concentration has the potential to emerge as a useful biomarker for conditions characterized by increased spinal neural network activity, especially when uptake systems become dysfunctional.

Unicentric Castleman's disease imitating metastatic melanoma: A case report.

Introduction And Importance: This case report shows a unique case of Castleman's disease in the context of histopathological diagnosis of cutaneous melanoma where clinical and radiological features of Castleman's disease were masked by presumptive diagnosis of metastatic melanoma. The disease is part of a group of lymphoproliferative disorders with characteristic histopathological features that can occur in any lymph node in the body, characterised by slow growing painless masses which are asymptomatic until mass effect occurs. This case highlights the need for caution when considering management of lymphadenopathy with clinically/radiologically suspicious nodes.

The Use and Teaching of Telemedicine in Allergy/Immunology Training Programs.

Purpose Of Review: The use of telemedicine has greatly increased since the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This review discusses the types of telemedicine, current telehealth curricula in medical education, and benefits and disadvantages of incorporation of telemedicine into Allergy/Immunology training programs.

Recent Findings: The majority of Allergists/Immunologists use telemedicine in their clinical practice with leaders in graduate medical education recommending inclusion of telemedicine in training.

Dexamethasone-Enhanced Continuous Online Microdialysis for Neuromonitoring of O after Brain Injury.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major public health crisis in many regions of the world. Severe TBI may cause a primary brain lesion with a surrounding penumbra of tissue that is vulnerable to secondary injury. Secondary injury presents as progressive expansion of the lesion, possibly leading to severe disability, a persistent vegetive state, or death.

The Evolutionary Constraints on Angiosperm Chloroplast Adaptation.

The chloroplast (plastid) arose via the endosymbiosis of a photosynthetic cyanobacterium by a nonphotosynthetic eukaryotic cell ∼1.5 billion years ago. Although the plastid underwent rapid evolution by genome reduction, its rate of molecular evolution is low and its genome organization is highly conserved.

Real-time in vivo thoracic spinal glutamate sensing reveals spinal hyperactivity during myocardial ischemia.

Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) can cause ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death via sympathoexcitation. The spinal cord neural network is crucial in triggering these arrhythmias and evaluating its neurotransmitter activity during IR is critical for understanding ventricular excitability control. To assess the real-time spinal neural activity in a large animal model, we developed a flexible glutamate-sensing multielectrode array.

Stable in-vivo electrochemical sensing of tonic serotonin levels using PEDOT/CNT-coated glassy carbon flexible microelectrode arrays.

Chronic sampling of tonic serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) concentrations in the brain is critical for tracking neurological disease development and the time course of pharmacological treatments. Despite their value, in vivo chronic multi-site measurements of tonic 5-HT have not been reported. To fill this technological gap, we batch-fabricated implantable glassy carbon (GC) microelectrode arrays (MEAs) onto a flexible SU-8 substrate to provide an electrochemically stable and biocompatible device/tissue interface.

Is It Really the Foley? A Systematic Review of Bladder Management and Infection Risk.

Background: The belief that intermittent catheterization results in fewer infections than indwelling catheters is commonly expressed in the spinal cord injury literature. Some practice guidelines strongly recommend intermittent over indwelling catheterization due to concerns about infections and other complications. However, studies on this topic are of low quality.

Comparing the cobas Influenza A/B Nucleic acid test for use on the cobas Liat System (Liat) with rapid antigen tests for clinical management of Japanese patients at the point of care.

Background: Rapid diagnosis of influenza is critical in preventing the spread of infection and ensuring patients quickly receive antiviral medication to reduce the severity and duration of influenza symptoms, whilst controlling the spread of the causative virus. In Japan patients are often administered anti-influenza medication following a positive rapid antigen detection test (RADT) result. However, the sensitivity of RADTs can lead to false negative results.

Accurate and stable chronic voltammetry enabled by a replaceable subcutaneous reference electrode.

sensing of neurotransmitters has provided valuable insight into both healthy and diseased brain. However, chronically implanted Ag/AgCl reference electrodes suffer from degradationgradation, resulting in errors in the potential at the working electrode. Here, we report a simple, effective way to protect sensing measurements from reference polarization with a replaceable subcutaneously implanted reference.

Flexible Glassy Carbon Multielectrode Array for Multisite Detection of Tonic and Phasic Dopamine Concentrations.

Dopamine (DA) plays a central role in the modulation of various physiological brain functions, including learning, motivation, reward, and movement control. The DA dynamic occurs over multiple timescales, including fast phasic release, as a result of neuronal firing and slow tonic release, which regulates the phasic firing. Real-time measurements of tonic and phasic DA concentrations in the living brain can shed light on the mechanism of DA dynamics underlying behavioral and psychiatric disorders and on the action of pharmacological treatments targeting DA.