Comparative evaluation of plant extract effects on peritoneal, medullary and J774 cells. G8 macrophages.

The use of medicinal plants as raw material for extracts production and pure substances isolation and subsequence development of new drugs represents a constantly growing area. However, some stages are indispensable before pharmacologically evaluating natural products such as medicines. Toxicity tests in mammalian cells are essential to initiate new drugs development or verify the substance's biocompatibility.

Expression Elements Derived From Plant Sequences Provide Effective Gene Expression Regulation and New Opportunities for Plant Biotechnology Traits.

Plant biotechnology traits provide a means to increase crop yields, manage weeds and pests, and sustainably contribute to addressing the needs of a growing population. One of the key challenges in developing new traits for plant biotechnology is the availability of expression elements for efficacious and predictable transgene regulation. Recent advances in genomics, transcriptomics, and computational tools have enabled the generation of new expression elements in a variety of model organisms.

Synthesis and in vitro and in silico studies of 1H- and 2H-1,2,3-triazoles as antichagasic agents.

1,2,3-triazole heterocycles stand out in medicinal chemistry for having great structural diversity and bioactivities. In this study, two series of triazoles were synthesized. One was obtained by the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction between ethyl cyanoacetate and several phenyl azides forming 1H-1,2,3-triazoles and the other by rearrangement of Dimroth forming and 2H-1,2,3-triazoles.

Genotypic and Phenotypic Stability of Mixed Primary Isolates of and : A Comparative Analysis of Four Preservation Methods.

The choice of a suitable preservation method is critical for long-term microorganisms' viability. The strains should be preserved for long periods using reliable and reproducible methods that minimize genotypic and phenotypic variations and viability losses. The methodologies are usually designed for a better performance in isolated microorganisms.

8-Hydroxy-2-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-1,4-naphtoquinone derivatives inhibited P2X7 Receptor-Induced dye uptake into murine Macrophages.

Extracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) triggers the P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) ionic channel to stimulate the release of the interleukin-IL-1β cytokine into macrophages. The current study explored the reaction of six structurally diverse triazole derivatives on P2X7-mediated dye uptake into murine peritoneal macrophages. P2X7R activity determined by ATP-evoked fluorescent dye uptake.

HEMERA Couples the Proteolysis and Transcriptional Activity of PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTORs in Arabidopsis Photomorphogenesis.

Phytochromes (phys) are red and far-red photoreceptors that control plant development and growth by promoting the proteolysis of a family of antagonistically acting basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors, the PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTORs (PIFs). We have previously shown that the degradation of PIF1 and PIF3 requires HEMERA (HMR). However, the biochemical function of HMR and the mechanism by which it mediates PIF degradation remain unclear.

Inverse bremsstrahlung in relativistic quantum plasmas.

We study the absorption of an intense electromagnetic wave in a plasma by inverse bremsstrahlung, in the relativistic quantum regime, by using the Klein-Gordon (KG) equation. We examine the following points: (1) the solutions of the KG equation in the absence of collisions; (2) the transition probabilities between electron momentum states, and (3) the effective collision frequency in the weak and strong field limits.

Photoactivated phytochromes interact with HEMERA and promote its accumulation to establish photomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis.

Plant development is profoundly regulated by ambient light cues through the red/far-red photoreceptors, the phytochromes. Early phytochrome signaling events include the translocation of phytochromes from the cytoplasm to subnuclear domains called photobodies and the degradation of antagonistically acting phytochrome-interacting factors (PIFs). We recently identified a key phytochrome signaling component, HEMERA (HMR), that is essential for both phytochrome B (phyB) localization to photobodies and PIF degradation.

Registration of Alfvén resonances in TCABR tokamak by the scanning reflectometer at sideband frequencies.

A frequency scanning O-mode reflectometer was used for studies of plasma density oscillations during local Alfvén wave (LAW) excitation in the Tokamak Chauffage Alfvén Brésilien (TCABR) at the frequency f(A) = 5 MHz. It was found that the spectrum of the reflectometer output signal, which consists mainly of the "beat" frequency f(B), is modified by the LAW excitation, and two additional frequency peaks appear, which are symmetrical in relation to the LAW excitation frequency f = f(A) ± f(B). This result opens the possibility to improve the efficiency of studying the LAW induced density oscillations.

Comparative electron temperature measurements of Thomson scattering and electron cyclotron emission diagnostics in TCABR plasmas.

We present the first simultaneous measurements of the Thomson scattering and electron cyclotron emission radiometer diagnostics performed at TCABR tokamak with Alfvén wave heating. The Thomson scattering diagnostic is an upgraded version of the one previously installed at the ISTTOK tokamak, while the electron cyclotron emission radiometer employs a heterodyne sweeping radiometer. For purely Ohmic discharges, the electron temperature measurements from both diagnostics are in good agreement.

Arabidopsis HEMERA/pTAC12 initiates photomorphogenesis by phytochromes.

Light plays a profound role in plant development, yet how photoreceptor excitation directs phenotypic plasticity remains elusive. One of the earliest effects of light is the regulated translocation of the red/far-red photoreceptors, phytochromes, from the cytoplasm to subnuclear foci called phytochrome nuclear bodies. The function of these nuclear bodies is unknown.

Characterization of a new family of protein kinases from Arabidopsis containing phosphoinositide 3/4-kinase and ubiquitin-like domains.

At least two of the genes predicted to encode type II PI4K (phosphoinositide 4-kinase) in Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress), namely AtPI4Kgamma4 and AtPI4Kgamma7, encode enzymes with catalytic properties similar to those of members of the PIKK (phosphoinositide kinase-related kinase) family. AtPI4Kgamma4 and AtPI4Kgamma7 undergo autophosphorylation and phosphorylate serine/threonine residues of protein substrates, but have no detectable lipid kinase activity. AtPI4Kgamma4 and AtPI4Kgamma7 are members of a subset of five putative AtPI4Ks that contain N-terminal UBL (ubiquitin-like) domains.

Plasma rotation measurement in small tokamaks using an optical spectrometer and a single photomultiplier as detector.

The method for plasma rotation measurement in the tokamak TCABR is reported in this article. During a discharge, an optical spectrometer is used to scan sequentially spectral lines of plasma impurities and spectral lines of a calibration lamp. Knowing the scanning velocity of the diffraction grating of the spectrometer with adequate precision, the Doppler shifts of impurity lines are determined.

A naturally occurring recombinant DNA-A of a typical bipartite begomovirus does not require the cognate DNA-B to infect Nicotiana benthamiana systemically.

Species of the genus Begomovirus (family Geminiviridae) found in the western hemisphere typically have a bipartite genome that consists of two 2.6 kb DNA genomic components, DNA-A and DNA-B. We have identified and cloned genomic components of a new tomato-infecting begomovirus from Brazil, for which the name Tomato crinkle leaf yellows virus (TCrLYV) is proposed, and a DNA-A variant of Tomato chlorotic mottle virus (ToCMV-[MG-Bt1]).

Laser-assisted stopping power of a hot plasma for a system of correlated ions.

The laser-assisted stopping power of a fully ionized plasma for the system of two correlated test charges is investigated. The general expressions for the stopping power are applied to a low-density and a low-temperature plasma in a low-energy beam-plasma experiment [J. Jacoby et al.

Relativistic plasma viscosity of the Burnett kind.

Hydrodynamic equations to describe relativistic and ultrarelativistic plasma dynamics were obtained by Dzhavakhishvili and Tsintsadze [Sov. Phys. JETP 37, 666 (1973)] using the Chapman and Enskog scheme to solve the relativistic kinetic equations for the different plasma species.

Ion larmour radius effect on rf ponderomotive forces and induced poloidal flow in tokamak plasmas.

Analytical approximations are used to clarify the effect of Larmour radius on rf ponderomotive forces and on poloidal flows induced by them in tokamak plasmas. The electromagnetic force is expressed as a sum of a gradient part and of a wave momentum transfer force, which is proportional to wave dissipation. The first part, called the gradient electromagnetic stress force, is combined with fluid dynamic (Reynolds) stress force, and gyroviscosity is included into viscosity force to model finite ion Larmour radius effects in the momentum response to the rf fields in plasmas.