A conversation with the Richmonds on their 30 years of service with the American Board of Cardiovascular Perfusion. Interview by David A. Palmer and Linda B. Mongero.

Beth A. Richmond, PhD, and Mark G. Richmond, EdD, Co-Executive Directors serving for the ABCP, have assumed this role for the past 30 years.

Cardiac output measurement by arterial pressure waveform analysis during optimization of biventricular pacing after cardiac surgery.

Biventricular pacing (BiVP) can optimize cardiac output (CO) in patients after cardiac surgery, so devices that calculate continuous CO from arterial pressure may be a useful tool. We investigated PulseCO for measuring CO during optimization by comparison with aortic flow probe measurement. Seven patients in the Biventricular Pacing After Cardiac Surgery (BiPACS) trial were studied.

Clade-specific evolution mediated by HLA-B*57/5801 in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 clade A1 p24.

HLA-B*57-mediated selection pressure leads to a typical escape pathway in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) CD8 epitopes such as TW10. Whether this T242N pathway is shared by all clades remains unknown. We therefore assessed the nature of HLA-B*57 selection in a large, observational Kenyan cohort where clades A1 and D predominate.

Recipient genotype is a predictor of allograft cytokine expression and outcomes after pediatric cardiac transplantation.

Objectives: This study sought to investigate the influence of recipient renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) genotype on cardiac function, rejection, and outcomes after heart transplantation.

Background: The RAAS influences cardiac function and up-regulates inflammatory/immune pathways. Little is known about the effect of recipient RAAS polymorphisms in pediatric cardiac transplantation.

Direction of preoperative ventricular shunting affects ventricular mechanics after Tetralogy of Fallot repair.

Background: Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) typically results in clinical cyanosis or volume overload of the left ventricle (LV), depending on the direction and magnitude of shunting across the ventricular septal defect (VSD). The present study examines the effects of surgical TOF repair on LV mechanics and compares these changes between patients with VSD shunts that are predominantly right-to-left (R-L; "blue TOF") and those with VSD shunts that are predominantly left-to-right (L-R; "pink TOF").

Methods And Results: Eleven patients (6 R-L and 5 L-R) 4.

Longitudinal associations between parents' hostility and siblings' externalizing behavior in the context of marital discord.

This study examined longitudinal associations between parents' hostility and siblings' externalizing behavior in the context of interparental discord. The sample included 116 families (mothers, fathers, 2 siblings) assessed in middle childhood, when siblings were, on average, 8 and 10 years old, and in adolescence, at average ages of 14 and 16 years. Parents reported on their hostility toward each child and on each child's externalizing problems.

Muriel Wheldale Onslow and early biochemical genetics.

Muriel Whedale, a distinguished graduate of Newnham College, Cambridge, was a member of William Bateson's school of genetics at Cambridge University from 1903. Her investigation of flower color inheritance in snapdragons (Antirrhinum), a topic of particular interest to botanists, contributed to establishing Mendelism as a powerful new tool in studying heredity. Her understanding of the genetics of pigment formation led her to do cutting-edge work in biochemistry, culminating in the publication of her landmark work, The Anthocyanin Pigments of Plants (1916).

Preparation of Fiber Optics for the Delivery of High-Energy High-Beam-Quality Nd:YAG Laser Pulses.

Recent improvements in design have made it possible to build Nd:YAG lasers with both high pulse energy and high beam quality. These lasers are particularly suited for percussion drilling of holes of as much as 1-mm diameter thick (a few millimeters) metal parts. An example application is the production of cooling holes in aeroengine components for which 1-ms duration, 30-J energy laser pulses produce holes of sufficient quality much more efficiently than with a laser trepanning process.

Six-Degree-of-Freedom Sensor Fish Design and Instrumentation.

Fish passing through dams may be injured or killed despite advances in turbinedesign, project operations and other fish bypass systems. The six-degree-of-freedom (6DOF)Sensor Fish device is an autonomous sensor package that characterizes the physical conditionsand physical stresses to which fish are exposed when they pass through complex hydraulicenvironments. It has been used to identify the locations and operations where conditions aresevere enough to injure or kill fish.

Maternal secure base support and preschoolers' secure base behavior in natural environments.

Bowlby and Ainsworth's theory of attachment poses that concurrent caregiving behavior is a key factor in influencing and maintaining a child's organization of secure-base behavior, and ultimately, security throughout childhood. Empirical demonstrations of the relation between the constructs after infancy are relatively scant and research is needed to examine the relation between the variables across a wide range of contexts, over longer observational periods, and in developmentally appropriate ways. Two studies of preschoolers and their mothers were conducted in naturalistic settings.

Nicotine effects on affective response in depression-prone smokers.

Rationale: Comorbidity between cigarette smoking and depression is thought to arise because depression-prone smokers self-administer nicotine to improve mood. Yet little evidence supports this view, and nicotine's effect on positive affect deficiency in depression remains largely unstudied.

Objectives: We hypothesized that (1) nicotine would dispel negative affect and enhance positive affect and (2) effects would be stronger for smokers vulnerable to depression, particularly during a depressed state.

Effective elution of RDX and TNT from particles of Comp B in surface soil.

During live fire training exercises, large amounts of explosives are consumed. Low order detonations of high explosive payloads result in the patchy dispersal of particles of high explosive formulations over large areas of firing range soils. Dissolution of explosives from explosive formulation particles into soil pore water is a controlling factor for transport, fate, and effects of explosive compounds.

Opportunities for women in early genetics.

Although women have long been engaged in science, their participation in large numbers was limited until they gained access to higher education in the last decades of the nineteenth century. The rediscovery of Mendel's work in 1900 coincided with the availability of a well trained female scientific workforce, and women entered the new field in significant numbers. Exploring their activities reveals much about the early development of the field that soon revolutionized biology, and about the role of gender in the social organization of science.

Longitudinal associations between hostility in adolescents' family relationships and friendships and hostility in their romantic relationships.

This study examined longitudinal predictors of hostility in adolescents' romantic relationships. The sample included 110 adolescents and their parents from 72 families. Observational measures of parents' marital hostility and parent-child hostility and self-reports of hostility in close friendships were collected when adolescents ranged from 14 to 16 years old.

Changes in children's appraisals of marital discord from childhood through adolescence.

The study examined how children's appraisals of marital conflict (threat and self-blame) changed across development, whether changes in exposure to marital conflict were associated with corresponding changes in appraisals, and whether the appraisal process was different for boys and girls. Data were collected on 112 families (224 children) at 4 time points. At each wave, children (mean ages ranged from 8 to 19) provided information on their appraisals of marital conflict, and parents provided information on children's exposure to marital conflict.

The malignant course of acute rheumatic Fever in the modern era: implications for early surgical intervention in cases of bivalvular insufficiency with impaired ventricular function.

In recent years, the incidence of acute rheumatic fever (ARF) has drastically decreased in the United States while remaining common in developing nations. However, immigration to the United States from developing nations has resulted in the continued prevalence of ARF. Patients with ARF face the potential development of significant valvular insufficiency and rheumatic carditis, which are associated with significant morbidity and mortality.

Utility of lipid biomarkers in support of bioremediation efforts at army sites.

Lipid biomarker analysis has proven valuable in testing the hypothesis that attributes of the extant microbiota can directly reflect the occurrence of contaminant biodegradation. Two past research efforts have demonstrated this utility and are described here. A 4.

Cardiac retransplantation in high risk pediatric patients.

Cardiac retransplantation is often the only therapy to treat GV or other causes of allograft failure. Previous reports of retransplantation have conflicting results. In this series of 18 re-transplants in 16 patients from 1984-2005, indications for retransplantation were: GV (67%); GV with cellular rejection (28%); acute graft failure (2.

Post-Katrina fecal contamination in Violet Marsh near New Orleans.

Fecal material entrained in New Orleans flood waters was pumped into the local environment. Violet Marsh received water pumped from St. Bernard Parish and the Lower Ninth Ward.

Pathophysiology of white-tailed deer vaccinated with porcine zona pellucida immunocontraceptive.

White-tailed deer (n=14 treated, n=7 control) were examined postmortem to identify any possible pathophysiology resulting from PZP immunocontraception vaccination. Deer were treated twice in 1997; given a booster in 1998, with six being revaccinated in September 2000. Granulomas were found at injection sites of most deer, even 2 years post-treatment.

Associations between family cohesion and adolescent siblings' externalizing behavior.

This study asked whether family cohesion, a measure of whole family functioning, was associated with adolescent siblings' externalizing problems, controlling for the quality of each sibling's relationship with his or her parents. The sample included 93 families (mothers, fathers, and 2 adolescent siblings). Family cohesion was measured from videotaped observations of parents and 2 of their adolescent children discussing family conflict and limit setting.

The 1909 Darwin celebration. Reexamining evolution in the light of Mendel, mutation, and meiosis.

In June 1909, scientists and dignitaries from 167 different countries gathered in Cambridge to celebrate the hundredth anniversary of Charles Darwin's birth and the fiftieth anniversary of the publication of Origin of Species. The event was one of the most magnificent commemorations in the annals of science. Delegates gathered within the cloisters of Cambridge University not only to honor the "hero" of evolution but also to reassess the underpinnings of Darwinism at a critical juncture.

Effect of nicotine on negative affect among more impulsive smokers.

In the present study, the authors tested the hypothesis that nicotine would provide greater relief from negative affect for more impulsive smokers than for less impulsive smokers. Euthymic adult smokers (N=70) participated in 2 laboratory sessions, during which they underwent a negative mood induction (music + autobiographical memory), then smoked either a nicotinized or de-nicotinized cigarette. Mixed-effects regression yielded a significant Impulsivity x Condition (nicotinized vs.

Dynamic behavior of the diphosphine ligand in H4Ru4(CO)10(dppe) revisited: kinetic data supporting a nondissociative isomerization of the dppe ligand.

The kinetics for the bridge-to-chelate isomerization of the dppe ligand in H4Ru4(CO)10(dppe) have been investigated by UV-vis and NMR spectroscopies over the temperature range of 308-328 K. The isomerization of the ligand-bridged cluster 1,2-H4Ru4(CO)10(dppe) (1-br) was found to be reversible by 31P NMR spectroscopy, affording a K(eq) = 15.7 at 323 K in favor of the chelating dppe isomer 1-ch.

Jaw complications associated with bisphosphonate use in patients with plasma cell dyscrasias.

Osteonecrosis of the jaw has been linked with bisphosphonate use in breast cancer and multiple myeloma patients. We report 17 cases of patients with plasma cell dyscrasia being treated with bisphosphonate who developed osteonecrosis/osteomyelitis of the jaw. Seventeen patients evaluated at our institution between 1998 and 2005 are reported.