Purpose Of Review: Recent advancements in "omics" technologies and bioinformatics have afforded researchers new tools to study bone biology in an unbiased and holistic way. The purpose of this review is to highlight recent studies integrating multi-omics data gathered from multiple molecular layers (i.e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOsteoclasts are giant bone-digesting cells that harbor specialized lysosome-related organelles termed secretory lysosomes (SLs). SLs store cathepsin K and serve as a membrane precursor to the ruffled border, the osteoclast's 'resorptive apparatus'. Yet, the molecular composition and spatiotemporal organization of SLs remains incompletely understood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDuring bone resorption, the osteoclast must sustain an extraordinarily low pH environment, withstand immense ionic pressures, and coordinate nutrient and waste exchange across its membrane to sustain its unique structural and functional polarity. To achieve this, osteoclasts are equipped with an elaborate set of membrane transport proteins (pumps, transporters and channels) that serve as molecular 'gatekeepers' to regulate the bilateral exchange of ions, amino acids, metabolites and macromolecules across the ruffled border and basolateral domains. Whereas the importance of the vacuolar-ATPase proton pump and chloride voltage-gated channel 7 in osteoclasts has long been established, comparatively little is known about the contributions of other membrane transport proteins, including those categorized as secondary active transporters.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: To investigate the clinical feasibility of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) to detect recent myocardial infarction (MI) and to differentiate it from subacute and chronic MI, with late-gadolinium enhancement (LGE) sequence as reference. Furthermore, to measure variation of the myocardial apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) according to the age of MI.
Materials And Methods: Seventy-four MI patients were separated in 3 groups.
Purpose: To use diffusion weighted MR imaging (DWI), a technique routinely used in patients with stroke, for diagnosis of myocardial infarction (MI).
Materials And Methods: A breath hold ECG gated DWI sequence (b = 300 sec/mm2) was developped and applied to 7 patients with recent MI (3-15 days), 3 patients with chronic MI (> 6 months) and 4 patients with valvular heart disease without MI (control cases). DWI data were correlated to T2W, first pass perfusion and delayed enhancement data.
Two sequences (ARS18 and ARS68) displaying autonomous replication activity were previously cloned in the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. The smallest fragment (1-1.3 kb) required for extrachromosomal replication of a plasmid is significantly larger in Y.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe industrial yeast, Yarrowia lipolytica, secretes high yields of an alkaline extracellular protease (AEP), which is synthesized as a preproprotein encoded by the XPR2 gene. We investigated the possibility of using this system for the secretion of human coagulation factor XIII subunit a (FXIIIa). This protein is naturally secreted in the plasma by an unknown, signal peptide-independent mechanism and has so far been found to be nonsecretable in yeast.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: Malnutrition is currently observed in aged people, and cholecystokinin is an important peripheral satiety signal. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of aging and protein-energy malnutrition on postprandial cholecystokinin (CCK) release.
Design: Non-randomized, cross-sectional comparison by age group.
The usefulness of microscopic examination of pure bile directly collected from the biliary tract during endoscopic retrograde cholangiography and without hormonal simulation was prospectively evaluated in 72 patients. According to clinical, biochemical, ultrasonographic, and radiographic data, the patients were separated into two groups: group 1, patients with proven stones (N = 50), and group 2, patients with suspected microlithiasis presenting symptoms suggestive of cholelithiasis but without evidence of macroscopic stones at echography or cholangiography (N = 22). Cholesterol crystals and/or bilirubinate granules were observed (eg, positive examination) in the bile of 41 of the 50 patients of group 1 (82%).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGastroenterol Clin Biol
June 1992
The characteristics of incident cases of pancreatic carcinoma found in the area of Haute-Garonne (France), as determined by the Digestive Cancer Registry, are reported. Two hundred and forty-six new cases were collected during a 5 year period in a population of 820,000 inhabitants. The annual standardized incidence rate per 100,000 inhabitants was 4.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGastroenterol Clin Biol
February 1992
This study was performed to evaluate the risk of gallstone formation during long-term treatment with the long-acting somatostatin analog octreotide (SMS 201-995). Twelve patients (8 men, 4 women--mean age 43 years) treated with continuous subcutaneous octreotide infusion for acromegaly (mean duration 26.5 months, mean dose 541 micrograms/day) were included.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTo study the relation between activation of the Na(+)-H+ antiporter and gastrointestinal cell proliferation, we characterized this antiporter in a pancreatic cell line (AR42J) and studied the effects of mitogenic and nonmitogenic agents as well as those of Na(+)-H+ exchange blocking agents on DNA synthesis. Characteristics of amiloride-sensitive Na+ uptake were those of the Na(+)-H+ exchanger: 1) Na+ uptake was increased by intracellular acidification and depended on external [Na+] and pH; 2) concentrations for half-maximal inhibition (IC50) of Na+ uptake (3 mM [Na+] in medium) were 40 nM 5-(N,N-hexamethylene)amiloride (HA) less than 0.1 microM 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl)amiloride (EIPA) less than 1 microM 5-(N,N-dimethyl)-amiloride (DMA) less than 40 microM amiloride; 3) IC50 for amiloride and analogues to inhibit Na+ uptake depended on [Na+] in medium (in 25 mM Na+ medium, the IC50 values were higher than in 3 mM and were 1 microM EIPA less than 10 microM DMA less than 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe aims of this study were to evaluate the amount of gastric lipase secreted by the stomach in normal adults and to elucidate a possible adaptative secretion of this enzyme in response to pancreatic insufficiency secondary to alcoholic chronic pancreatitis. Forty-one subjects underwent a gastric intubation. Pentagastrin (6 micrograms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis study was performed to assess the effects of misoprostol, a synthetic prostaglandin E1 analog, on cerulein-induced pancreatitis. Per group of 10 each, male Wistar rats received either cerulein (2.5 micrograms/kg/h subcutaneously), cerulein and misoprostol (500 micrograms/kg intraperitoneally at 0 and 4 h), or saline.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTo study the relationships between activation of the Na+/H+ antiporter and gastrointestinal cell proliferation, we characterized this antiporter in a pancreatic cell line (AR4-2J). In the present study, the effects of mitogenic and non-mitogenic agents and of Na+/H+ exchange blocking agents on DNA synthesis are reported. Dialyzed fetal calf serum (FCS) (0-10%) increased amiloride-sensitive 22Na+ uptake in a concentration-dependent manner.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis multicentric, double-blind and prospective study, which involved 41 French Gastroenterology Units, was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of famotidine, 40 mg at bedtime, compared to single dose ranitidine, 300 mg, in promoting the healing of duodenal ulcer. Two hundred and ninety-six patients with endoscopically proven duodenal ulcer were randomly allocated to 2 treatment groups: 148 were treated with famotidine, and 148 with ranitidine. Patients were treated during 4 weeks and then controlled by endoscopy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFScand J Gastroenterol
December 1989
Mucosal changes occurring during long-term intraluminal perfusion of pentagastrin in the duodenum of conscious adult rats (100 micrograms/24 h/kg, 6 days) were studied. Significant increases of labelling and of mitotic indices were noted in the whole small intestine, with an enlargement of the crypt epithelial proliferative compartment. Differential kinetic variations were observed between upper and lower parts of the small intestine when labelling indices were measured in accordance with the cell position in the crypts.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGastroenterol Clin Biol
November 1989
Acta Gastroenterol Belg
December 1990
The diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis is usually established by clinical history and morphological criteria based on radiological and/or endoscopic (ERCP) findings. When these morphological signs are absent or equivocal, pancreatic function testing is necessary. Direct testing by duodenal intubation with hormonal stimulation is still considered as the reference method ("gold standard").
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGastroenterol Clin Biol
June 1989
This study was performed to assess the effects of misoprostol (M), a synthetic prostaglandin E1 analog, on experimental pancreatitis in rat. Pancreatitis was induced by ligation of the main pancreatic duct of 3-month-old male Wistar rats. Pancreatic lesions were observed at 6, 12, 24, 48, and 96 h after pancreatic duct ligation (PDL).
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