A dominant-negative Arabidopsis cation exchanger 1 (CAX1): N-terminal autoinhibition and membrane topology.

Calcium (Ca) is essential for plant growth and cellular homeostasis, with cation exchangers (CAXs) regulating Ca transport into plant vacuoles. In Arabidopsis, multiple CAXs feature a common structural arrangement, comprising an N-terminal autoinhibitory domain followed by two pseudosymmetrical modules. Mutations in CAX1 enhance stress tolerance, notably tolerance to anoxia (a condition marked by oxygen depletion), crucial for flood resilience.

Sequential removal of cation/H exchangers reveals their additive role in elemental distribution, calcium depletion and anoxia tolerance.

Multiple Arabidopsis H /Cation exchangers (CAXs) participate in high-capacity transport into the vacuole. Previous studies have analysed single and double mutants that marginally reduced transport; however, assessing phenotypes caused by transport loss has proven enigmatic. Here, we generated quadruple mutants (cax1-4: qKO) that exhibited growth inhibition, an 85% reduction in tonoplast-localised H /Ca transport, and enhanced tolerance to anoxic conditions compared to CAX1 mutants.

Instead of Calories, Should We Be Counting our Consumption of Exosomes and MicroRNAs?

The specific foods to eat for optimal nutrition remain ill-defined. Studies using plantbased diets or milk suggest that vesicles, termed exosomes, and small RNAs termed microRNAs (miRNAs) are health promoting components in foods. However, numerous studies refute the potential of dietary cross-kingdom communication of exosomes and miRNAs.

Generating Reproducing Anoxia Conditions for Plant Phenotyping.

Based on the availability of oxygen, plant growth environment can be normoxic (normal environment), hypoxic (reduced oxygen, <21%), or anoxic (complete depletion of oxygen). Hypoxic/anoxic environment is created when a plant is exposed to stresses such as submergence, flooding, or pathogen attack. Survival of the plants following stress conditions is in part dependent on their ability to overcome the stress induced by anoxia/hypoxia conditions.

Comparative transcriptome analyses reveal insights into catkin bloom patterns in pecan protogynous and protandrous cultivars.

In perennial plants such as pecan, once reproductive maturity is attained, there are genetic switches that are regulated and required for flower development year after year. Pecan trees are heterodichogamous with both pistillate and staminate flowers produced on the same tree. Therefore, defining genes exclusively responsible for pistillate inflorescence and staminate inflorescence (catkin) initiation is challenging at best.

The vacuolar H+/Ca transporter CAX1 participates in submergence and anoxia stress responses.

A plant's oxygen supply can vary from normal (normoxia) to total depletion (anoxia). Tolerance to anoxia is relevant to wetland species, rice (Oryza sativa) cultivation, and submergence tolerance of crops. Decoding and transmitting calcium (Ca) signals may be an important component to anoxia tolerance; however, the contribution of intracellular Ca transporters to this process is poorly understood.

Four chromosome scale genomes and a pan-genome annotation to accelerate pecan tree breeding.

Genome-enabled biotechnologies have the potential to accelerate breeding efforts in long-lived perennial crop species. Despite the transformative potential of molecular tools in pecan and other outcrossing tree species, highly heterozygous genomes, significant presence-absence gene content variation, and histories of interspecific hybridization have constrained breeding efforts. To overcome these challenges, here, we present diploid genome assemblies and annotations of four outbred pecan genotypes, including a PacBio HiFi chromosome-scale assembly of both haplotypes of the 'Pawnee' cultivar.

Eye disorders reported with the use of mefloquine (Lariam(®)) chemoprophylaxis--A drug safety database analysis.

Background: Between 80 and 90 million travellers visit malaria endemic areas annually and many require malaria chemoprophylaxis. The characterization of the risk and nature of eye disorders occurring during the use of malaria chemoprophylaxis is relevant for travel medicine advisors.

Methods: We did a database analysis on eye disorder adverse events reported for mefloquine (as Lariam®) using the F.

Use of anti-malarial drugs and the risk of developing eye disorders.

Background: Ocular toxicity was described in the late 1950s for some anti-malarial drugs, but only limited information is available on the comparison of ocular toxicity of different anti-malarials.

Methods: We conducted a follow-up study with a nested case-control analysis using the General Practice Research Database to compare the risk of developing a first-time diagnosis of an eye disorder during exposure of mefloquine, chloroquine and/or proguanil or atovaquone/proguanil use to non-users. We calculated incidence rates with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and odds ratios using multivariate conditional logistic regression analyses.

Antimalarial chemoprophylaxis and the risk of neuropsychiatric disorders.

Background: Case reports and epidemiological studies have associated the use of mefloquine with neuropsychiatric adverse events.

Methods: We used the General Practice Research Database to conduct a follow-up study with a nested case-control analysis. We assessed the risk of developing first-time anxiety, stress-related disorders/psychosis, depression, epilepsy or peripheral neuropathies in patients using mefloquine, chloroquine and/or proguanil, or atovaquone/proguanil for malaria chemoprophylaxis, as compared to unexposed travelers.

Pregnancy and fetal outcomes after exposure to mefloquine in the pre- and periconception period and during pregnancy.

Background: Pregnant women who travel to malarious areas and their clinicians need data on the safety of malaria chemoprophylaxis.

Methods: The effect of exposure to mefloquine on pregnancy and offspring outcomes was evaluated using the F. Hoffmann-La Roche global drug safety database for the time frame 31 January 1986 through 26 October 2010.

Use of mefloquine in children - a review of dosage, pharmacokinetics and tolerability data.

Background: Use of anti-malarial medication in children is hampered by a paucity of dosage, pharmacokinetic and tolerability data.

Methods: Data on the use of mefloquine in children, particularly in young children weighing less than 20 kg, were reviewed using PubMed literature and reports on file.

Results: Chemoprophylaxis data: Two studies with a total of 170 children were found.

The position of mefloquine as a 21st century malaria chemoprophylaxis.

Background: Malaria chemoprophylaxis prevents the occurrence of the symptoms of malaria. Travellers to high-risk Plasmodium falciparum endemic areas need an effective chemoprophylaxis.

Methods: A literature search to update the status of mefloquine as a malaria chemoprophylaxis.