Early detection and management of hearing loss to reduce dementia risk in older adults with mild cognitive impairment: findings from the treating auditory impairment and cognition trial (TACT).

Background: Age-related hearing loss and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) independently increase dementia risk. The Ageing and Cognitive Health Evaluation in Elders randomised controlled trial (RCT) found hearing aids reduce cognitive decline in high-risk older adults with poor hearing.

Methods: This pilot RCT in London memory clinics randomised people with MCI (aged ≥55, untreated hearing loss defined as Pure Tone Average 0.

Association between adult-onset hearing loss and dementia biomarkers: A systematic review.

Background And Objective: People with adult-onset hearing loss (AoHL) are at increased dementia risk. In this study, we explore potential aetiological mechanisms by synthesising the evidence on the association between AoHL and neuropathological, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood and imaging biomarkers of dementia.

Methods: We systematically searched electronic databases from inception to 30 April 2024 for cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, including quantitative data on the association between AoHL and dementia biomarkers.

Enhanced Specificity in Colorimetric LAMP Assay for Detection Using a Combination of Two Additives.

The genus comprises fungal species closely related to , with and being medically important. These species can cause infections in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals. The current detection methods are limited, prompting the need for rapid and specific diagnostic tools.

Mild behavioural impairment in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review.

Behavioural symptoms are common manifestations of Parkinson's disease (PD). Early behavioural symptoms characterise mild behavioural impairment (MBI). The prevalence and intensity of MBI in people with PD (PwP) have been studied across various cohorts.

CO enrichment and excess nitrogen supply synergistically increase toxicity of marine dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum.

Discharges of CO and nutrients by anthropogenic activities have notable contributions to CO enrichment and eutrophication in coastal systems. Following our previous study that toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum will increase their growth rate and cellular toxicity under elevated levels of CO, we further examined the joint effects of CO enrichment and excess nitrogen supply through a 29-day experiment under three CO levels (400, 800 and 1200 ppm) with a high N/P ratio of 80. It was found that the two factors have synergistical effects in promoting the increase of cellular toxicity.

Seasonal impacts of Kuroshio intrusion on pico-phytoplankton dynamics near the Changjiang River estuary.

The strong western Pacific boundary current of the Kuroshio significantly affects the oceanographic and ecological processes of the East China Sea through its branches. To understand the seasonal variation of Kuroshio intrusion and its ecological effects, 10 cruises were conducted from February 2015 to January 2016 in the waters adjacent to the Changjiang River estuary to collect hydrological data and abundances of phytoplankton assemblages of Prochlorococcus (Pro), Synechococcus (Syn) and picoeukaryotes. High salinity bottom water representing the Nearshore Kuroshio Branch Current (NKBC) appeared in the spring, peaked in the summer, and then almost disappeared at the end of the autumn.

An unusual winter bloom of dinoflagellates with notable damage to kelp cultivation around Shandong peninsula, China.

In the coastal waters around Shandong peninsula, an unprecedented winter bloom of dinoflagellates Gonyaulax polygramma and Akashiwo sanguinea occurred in 2021 from late November to early December. The bloom affected a wide area of coastal waters extending from west to east along the northern Shandong peninsula and had a devastating blow to the kelp cultivation industry. Based on the remote-sensing data, the initiation of the bloom was traced back to the region adjacent to the mouth of the Yellow River in Laizhou Bay, where enhanced freshwater discharge from the Yellow River was recorded from September to November.

Characteristics and pathogenicity of SWS causing high mortality in mud crab () aquaculture in Hong Kong.

Introduction: is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium belonging to the family of , a common pathogen in aquaculture animals, However, studies on its impact on (mud crabs) are limited. In this study, we isolated SWS from dead mud crab during a disease outbreak in a Hong Kong aquaculture farm, which caused up to 70% mortality during summer.

Methods: Experimental infection and histopathology were used to investigate the pathogenicity of SWS in and validate Koch's postulates.

Dynamics and scale variations of blooms of Phaeocystis globosa "giant colony" ecotype and key environmental factors in the Beibu Gulf, China.

The Beibu Gulf has experienced blooms of Phaeocystis globosa "giant colony" ecotype (PGGCE), with noticeable variations in bloom scale across years. However, driving environmental factors and their roles remain poorly understood. In this study, we quantified dynamics of PGGCE cells in 2016-2017 and 2018-2019, and analyzed their correlations with environment factors.

Adult-onset hearing loss and incident cognitive impairment and dementia - A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies.

Background: We comprehensively summarized the cohort evidence to date on adult-onset hearing loss as risk factor for incident cognitive impairment and dementia, and examined the evidence for dose-response, risk for various dementia subtypes, and other moderators. Previous meta-analyses were less comprehensive.

Methods: We included cohort studies with participants without dementia and with hearing assessments at baseline, minimum 2 years follow-up and incident cognitive outcomes.

Axial Compression Behavior of Circular Seawater and Sea Sand Concrete Columns Reinforced with Hybrid GFRP-Stainless Steel Bars.

The ductility of FRP-reinforced concrete structures is reduced by the brittleness of FRP bars. To address this issue, this study employs the hybrid reinforcement of stainless steel (SS) and GFRP bars to enhance the ductility of concrete columns. A total of 21 axially compressed seawater and sea sand concrete (SWSSC) circular columns are fabricated, including 15 hybrid GFRP and SS bar-reinforced SWSSC (GFRP-SS-SWSSC) columns, 3 GFRP bar-reinforced SWSSC (GFRP-SWSSC) columns, and 3 SS bar-reinforced SWSSC (SS-SWSSC) columns.

Structure of the intact tail machine of Anabaena myophage A-1(L).

The Myoviridae cyanophage A-1(L) specifically infects the model cyanobacteria Anabaena sp. PCC 7120. Following our recent report on the capsid structure of A-1(L), here we present the high-resolution cryo-EM structure of its intact tail machine including the neck, tail and attached fibers.

Plasma extracellular vesicle synaptic proteins as biomarkers of clinical progression in patients with Parkinson's disease.

Synaptic dysfunction plays a key role in Parkinson's disease (PD), and plasma extracellular vesicle (EV) synaptic proteins are emerging as biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases. Assessment of plasma EV synaptic proteins for their efficacy as biomarkers in PD and their relationship with disease progression was conducted. In total, 144 participants were enrolled, including 101 people with PD (PwP) and 43 healthy controls (HCs).

Potential roles of hydroxybenzoate paralytic shellfish toxins in modulating toxin biokinetics in scallops.

Paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) produced by some marine dinoflagellates can cause severe human intoxication via vectors like bivalves. Toxic dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum produce a novel group of hydroxybenzoate PSTs named GC toxins, but their biokinetics in bivalves haven't been well examined. In this experiment, we analyzed PSTs in bay scallops Argopecten irradians exposed to G.

Ultrasensitive fluorescence detection of gonyautoxins in seawater using a novel molecularly imprinted nanoprobe.

Gonyautoxins (GTXs), a group of potent neurotoxins belonging to paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs), are often associated with harmful algal blooms of toxic dinoflagellates in the sea and represent serious health and ecological concerns worldwide. In the study, a highly selective and sensitive fluorescence nanoprobe was constructed based on photoinduced electron transfer recognition mechanism to rapidly detect GTXs in seawater, using specific entrapment of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) combined with fluorescence analyses. The green emissive fluorescein isothiocyanate was grafted in a silicate matrix as a signal transducer and fluorescence intensity of the nanoprobe with a core-shell structure exhibited a strong enhancement due to efficient analyte blockage in a short response time.

A dinoflagellate bloom caused by multiple species of Kareniaceae in the coastal waters of Fujian in June 2022 and its adverse impacts on Brachionus plicatilis and Artemia salina.

Recently, dinoflagellate blooms have frequently occurred in the coastal waters of Fujian, East China Sea. In June 2022, a fish-killing bloom of Kareniaceae species occurred in this region. In this study, four species of Kareniaceae, namely, Karenia longicanalis, K.

Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Brief Cognitive Instruments to Evaluate Suspected Dementia in Chinese-Speaking Populations.

Background: Chinese is the most commonly spoken world language; however, most cognitive tests were developed and validated in the West. It is essential to find out which tests are valid and practical in Chinese speaking people with suspected dementia.

Objective: We therefore conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of brief cognitive tests adapted for Chinese-speaking populations in people presenting for assessment of suspected dementia.

Octahedral Distortion and Displacement-Type Ferroelectricity with Switchable Photovoltaic Effect in a 3d^{3}-Electron Perovskite System.

Because of the half-filled t_{2g}-electron configuration, the BO_{6} octahedral distortion in a 3d^{3} perovskite system is usually very limited. In this Letter, a perovskitelike oxide Hg_{0.75}Pb_{0.

Cytokine profiles of plasma extracellular vesicles as progression biomarkers in Parkinson's disease.

Background: Inflammation contributes substantially to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Plasma extracellular vesicle (EV)-derived cytokines are emerging biomarkers of inflammation. We conducted a longitudinal study of the plasma EV-derived cytokine profiles of people with PD (PwP).

Fine structure and assembly pattern of a minimal myophage Pam3.

The myophage possesses a contractile tail that penetrates its host cell envelope. Except for investigations on the bacteriophage T4 with a rather complicated structure, the assembly pattern and tail contraction mechanism of myophage remain largely unknown. Here, we present the fine structure of a freshwater cyanophage Pam3, which has an icosahedral capsid of ~680 Å in diameter, connected via a three-section neck to an 840-Å-long contractile tail, ending with a three-module baseplate composed of only six protein components.

Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry Detection of Biomacromolecules in Response to Environmental Changes.

Environmental factors play an important role in the lipid, protein, and carbohydrate compositions of microalgae, wherein temperature and light are key influencing factors. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry was used in this study to detect biomacromolecules in cells under different temperatures (10, 15, 20, and 25 °C) and different illumination conditions (1000, 2000, 3000, and 4000 lx) to study the corresponding changes in lipid, protein, and carbohydrate contents. Results indicate that the biomacromolecule content at different temperatures has different patterns.

Marked shifts of harmful algal blooms in the Bohai Sea linked with combined impacts of environmental changes.

The Bohai Sea, a semi-enclosed inland sea in China and an important mariculture region, has experienced extensive harmful algal blooms (HABs) and their negative impacts for several decades. To investigate the changes of HABs and their potential drivers over time and space, a dataset of 230 HAB events (1952-2017), along with corresponding environmental data (1990-2017) was compiled. The frequency of HAB events in the Bohai Sea has increased over time but plateaued in the last decade, and our analysis showed that history of HABs in the Bohai Sea could be categorized into three periods based on their frequency, scale, and HAB-forming species.

Successful Use of Continuous Erector Spinae Plane Blocks in a Patient With Variant Angina After Large Ventral Hernia Repair.

Coronary artery spasm constitutes the primary underlying pathology of variant angina. Because provocation of coronary artery spasm may occur with both excess sympathetic and excess parasympathetic stimulation, patients with this disorder have extremely limited options for perioperative pain control. This is especially true for procedures involving extensive abdominal incision/manipulation.