Performance, meat quality and blood parameters in four strains of organic broilers differ according to range use.

Chicken meat production in organic systems involves free-range access where animals can express foraging and locomotor behaviours. These behaviours may promote outdoor feed intake, but at the same time energy expenditure when exploring the outdoor area. More generally, the relationship of range use with metabolism, welfare including health, growth performance and meat quality needs to be better understood.

Epidermal renewal during the treatment of atopic dermatitis lesions: A study coupling line-field confocal optical coherence tomography with artificial intelligence quantifications: LC-OCT reveals new biological markers of AD.

Objective: This study explores the application of Line-field Confocal Optical Coherence Tomography (LC-OCT) imaging coupled with artificial intelligence (AI)-based algorithms to investigate atopic dermatitis (AD), a common inflammatory dermatosis.

Materials And Methods: AD acute and chronic lesions (ADL) were compared to clinically healthy-looking skin (ADNL). LC-OCT was used noninvasively and in real-time to image the skin of AD patients during flare-ups and monitor remissions under topical steroid treatment for 2 weeks.

The epidemiology of acne vulgaris in a multiethnic adolescent population from Rotterdam, the Netherlands: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Although acne is a prevalent multifactorial inflammatory skin condition, few studies were performed in multiethnic populations.

Objectives: To study the prevalence and determinants of acne in a multiethnic study at the start of puberty.

Methods: This cross-sectional study is embedded in Generation R, a population-based prospective study from Rotterdam, the Netherlands.

Research Note: Divergent selection for breast muscle ultimate pH affects egg quality traits in broiler breeders.

Two divergently selected broiler lines were created by selection for low (pHu-) or high (pHu+) Pectoralis major ultimate pH (pHu) in order to better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying meat quality traits in broilers and are also unique genetic resources reflecting low and high glycogen levels in chicken muscle. The present study aimed to reveal the correlated phenotypical changes of egg quality traits in broiler breeders from the 2 divergent lines at the 14th generation. Birds were reared on littered floor system until 18 wk of age and in individual cages up to 42 wk.

In vivo multiphoton multiparametric 3D quantification of human skin aging on forearm and face.

Quantifying skin aging changes and characterizing its 3D structure and function in a non-invasive way is still a challenging area of research, constantly evolving with the development of imaging methods and image analysis tools. In vivo multiphoton imaging offers means to assess skin constituents in 3D, however prior skin aging studies mostly focused on 2D analyses of dermal fibers through their signals' intensities or densities. In this work, we designed and implemented multiphoton multiparametric 3D quantification tools for in vivo human skin pigmentation and aging characterization.

Nutrient sources differ in the fertilised eggs of two divergent broiler lines selected for meat ultimate pH.

The pHu+ and pHu- lines, which were selected based on the ultimate pH (pHu) of the breast muscle, represent a unique model to study the genetic and physiological controls of muscle energy store in relation with meat quality in chicken. Indeed, pHu+ and pHu- chicks show differences in protein and energy metabolism soon after hatching, associated with a different ability to use energy sources in the muscle. The present study aimed to assess the extent to which the nutritional environment of the embryo might contribute to the metabolic differences observed between the two lines at hatching.

In vivo multiphoton imaging for non-invasive time course assessment of retinoids effects on human skin.

Background: In vivo multiphoton imaging and automatic 3D image processing tools provide quantitative information on human skin constituents. These multiphoton-based tools allowed evidencing retinoids epidermal effects in the occlusive patch test protocol developed for antiaging products screening. This study aimed at investigating their relevance for non-invasive, time course assessment of retinoids cutaneous effects under real-life conditions for one year.

Variations in genome size between wild and domesticated lineages of fowls belonging to the Gallus gallus species.

Efforts to elucidate the causes of biological differences between wild fowls and their domesticated relatives, the chicken, have to date mainly focused on the identification of single nucleotide mutations. Other types of genomic variations have however been demonstrated to be important in avian evolution and associated to variations in phenotype. They include several types of sequences duplicated in tandem that can vary in their repetition number.

[Outpatient expectations in dermatology consultations: A pilot study].

Background: Understanding patients' expectations with regard to medical care is critical as it guarantees an efficient therapeutic process. Our aim was to determine outpatients' expectations concerning clinical encounters in a dermatology clinic and to study how these matched the opinions of dermatologists regarding them.

Patients And Methods: Consecutive outpatients consulting in five dermatology centres in the Paris suburbs between February 2013 and March 2013 were prospectively included.

Nest grouping patterns of bonobos (Pan paniscus) in relation to fruit availability in a forest-savannah mosaic.

A topic of major interest in socio-ecology is the comparison of chimpanzees and bonobos' grouping patterns. Numerous studies have highlighted the impact of social and environmental factors on the different evolution in group cohesion seen in these sister species. We are still lacking, however, key information about bonobo social traits across their habitat range, in order to make accurate inter-species comparisons.

Enzymatic modification of palmarosa essential oil: chemical analysis and olfactory evaluation of acylated products.

We have developed an enzymatic protocol to modify the composition of palmarosa essential oil by acylation of its alcohol components by three different acyl donors at various rates. The resulting modified products were characterized by qualitative and quantitative analyses by gas chromatography, and their olfactory properties were evaluated by professional perfumers. We showed that our protocol resulted in two types of modifications of the olfactory properties.

Familial benign chronic pemphigus and doxycycline: a review of 6 cases.

Background: Hailey-Hailey disease (HHD) or familial benign chronic pemphigus is a rare autosomal dominant inherited skin disorder, characterized by flaccid vesicles and erosions on the intertriginous areas. Current treatments are not particularly effective. We report 6 cases dramatically improving with doxycycline.

Training-induced improvement in lipid oxidation in type 2 diabetes mellitus is related to alterations in muscle mitochondrial activity. Effect of endurance training in type 2 diabetes.

Aim: We investigated whether or not, in type 2 diabetic (T2D) patients, an individualized training effect on whole-body lipid oxidation would be associated with changes in muscle oxidative capacity.

Methods: Eleven T2D patients participated in the study. Whole-body lipid oxidation during exercise was assessed by indirect calorimetry during graded exercise.

[Presenting skin disorders in black Afro-Caribbean patients: a multicentre study conducted in the Paris region].

Background: There have been few studies in France concerning the specific features of dermatological practice regarding dark skin (Fitzpatrick's phototype V and VI) or the special requirements of black African and Afro-Caribbean patients.

Aim: To determine the principal reasons for dermatological consultation among black patients of African or Afro-Caribbean descent in the Paris region.

Methods: This was a prospective clinical study conducted between 15 February and 15 May 2004.

[Late diagnosis of a McArdle disease's case (type V glycogenosis)].

McArdle's disease is a metabolic myopathy characterized by a myophosphorylase deficiency resulting in an inability to degrade glycogen stores. We report the case of a 48 years old patient who complained since adolescence of rest and exercise myalgias and presented a chronic increased plasma creatine kinase activity. First, a maximal exercise test was performed.

Oxidative mechanisms at rest and during exercise.

Carbohydrates (CHO) and lipids provide the amount of energy required for physical and chemical reactions inside the human body. The various constraints the body has to resolve explain the use of these two substrates, catabolized via distinct pathways to one common final reaction. In the classic model, three main organs/tissues for substrate fluxes (liver, adipose tissue and skeletal muscle) and one organ regulating main reactions by adaptation of hormonal secretions (endocrine pancreas) are described.

Substrate oxidation during exercise: type 2 diabetes is associated with a decrease in lipid oxidation and an earlier shift towards carbohydrate utilization.

Objectives: Exercise is a recommended treatment for type 2 diabetes but the actual pattern of metabolic adaptation to exercise in this disease is poorly known and not taken in account in the protocols used. Metabolic defects involved in the pathways of substrate oxidation were described in type 2 diabetes. We hypothesized that type 2 diabetes, regardless of age, gender, training status and weight, could influence by its own the balance of substrates at exercise.

Simvastatin induces impairment in skeletal muscle while heart is protected.

3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins) are widely used to reduce plasma cholesterol concentration. However, statins are also known to induce various forms of muscular toxicity. We have previously shown that acute application of simvastatin on human skeletal muscle samples induced a cascade of cellular events originating from mitochondria and resulting in a global alteration of Ca2+ homeostasis.

Relationship between blood lactate concentration and substrate utilization during exercise in type 2 diabetic postmenopausal women.

Increased blood lactate concentration and alterations of substrate utilization have been shown to be partly involved in development of insulin resistance in obese and type 2 diabetic patients. As blood represents the first great distribution space and participates to lactate exchange in whole body, we investigated lactate transport in red blood cells at rest and the potential relationships between elevated blood lactate and substrate utilization in 7 obese controls and 7 obese type 2 diabetic postmenopausal women during an incremental exercise test. Blood samples were collected at rest, 30%, 50%, and 60% of maximal power and at 8 and 20 minutes of recovery time.

Endurance training increases lactate transport in male Zucker fa/fa rats.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of endurance training (10 weeks) on previously reported alterations of lactate exchange in obese Zucker fa/fa rats. We used sarcolemmal vesicles to measure lactate transport capacity in control sedentary rats, Zucker (fa/fa), and endurance trained Zucker (fa/fa) rats. Monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) 1 and 4 content was measured in sarcolemmal vesicles and skeletal muscle.