AI contextual information shapes moral and aesthetic judgments of AI-generated visual art.

Throughout history, art creation has been regarded as a uniquely human means to express original ideas, emotions, and experiences. However, as Generative Artificial Intelligence reshapes visual, aesthetic, legal, and economic culture, critical questions arise about the moral and aesthetic implications of AI-generated art. Despite the growing use of AI tools in art, the moral impact of AI involvement in the art creation process remains underexplored.

The carbon cost of impaired welfare on sheep farms.

In the face of global climate threats, farm and land-management decisions must balance climate concerns with profitability, animal welfare, and ecosystem health. However, few comprehensive studies have quantified the relationship between animal welfare and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and no study focuses specifically on sheep farms. The present study aims to quantify the effects of impaired welfare on GHG emissions for common welfare challenges faced in UK lowland (L) and hill (H) sheep farming systems.

Embedding AI-Enabled Data Infrastructures for Sustainability in Agri-Food: Soft-Fruit and Brewery Use Case Perspectives.

The agri-food sector is undergoing a comprehensive transformation as it transitions towards net zero. To achieve this, fundamental changes and innovations are required, including changes in how food is produced and delivered to customers, new technologies, data and physical infrastructures, and algorithmic advancements. In this paper, we explore the opportunities and challenges of deploying AI-based data infrastructures for sustainability in the agri-food sector by focusing on two case studies: soft-fruit production and brewery operations.

Review: Herbivory and the power of phytochemical diversity on animal health.

Plant secondary compounds (PSCs) were thought to be waste products of plant metabolism when first identified in the mid-1800 s. Since then, many different roles have been recognized for these chemicals. With regard to their function as defense, PSCs can negatively impact different cellular and metabolic processes in the herbivore, causing illness and reductions in feed intake.

Disparities in adolescent controller medication adherence, treatment barriers, and asthma control.

Background: Disparities in asthma persist despite advances in interventions. Adherence and self-management behaviors are critical yet challenging during adolescence. Treatment barriers include individual factors as well as structural and social determinants of health.

Systematic review and meta-analysis of interventions to promote medication adherence among children, adolescents, and young adults with medical conditions.

Objective: This meta-analysis examined the efficacy of adherence-promotion interventions for children, adolescents, and young adults prescribed a medication for > 90 days as part of a treatment regimen for a medical condition.

Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted to identify randomized controlled trials of adherence-promotion interventions published between 2013 and 2023 and including children, adolescents, and/or young adults with a medical condition. A total of 38 articles representing 39 trials met inclusion criteria.

Cognitive Processing Speed and Loneliness in Stroke Survivors: Insights from a Large-Scale Cohort Study.

Objective: Loneliness, when prolonged, is associated with many deleterious effects and has been shown to be highly prevalent in those with a history of stroke, yet the cognitive mechanisms underpinning this phenomenon remain unclear. Therefore, the current study aims to investigate the extent to which cognitive factors, with specific focus on processing speed, are associated with loneliness in those with a history of stroke.

Method: Utilizing data from the British Cohort Study, a nationally representative dataset, we conducted secondary data analysis.

Role of Primary Care Clinician Concern During Screening for Early Identification of Autism.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the added value of primary care clinician (PCC)-indicated concern during primary care universal standardized screening in early identification of autism.

Methods: Toddlers were screened for autism during primary care checkups (n = 7,039, aged 14.24-22.

Integrating Social Cognition Into Domain-General Control: Interactive Activation and Competition for the Control of Action (ICON).

Social cognition differs from general cognition in its focus on understanding, perceiving, and interpreting social information. However, we argue that the significance of domain-general processes for controlling cognition has been historically undervalued in social cognition and social neuroscience research. We suggest much of social cognition can be characterized as specialized feature representations supported by domain-general cognitive control systems.

Methodological challenges in systematic reviews of mHealth interventions: Survey and consensus-based recommendations.

Objective: Mobile Health (mHealth) refers to using mobile devices to support health. This study aimed to identify specific methodological challenges in systematic reviews (SRs) of mHealth interventions and to develop guidance for addressing selected challenges.

Study Design And Setting: Two-phase participatory research project.

Immunomodulatory effects of fucoidan in recreationally active adult males undertaking 3-weeks of intensified training.

The aim of the current study was to determine whether daily fucoidan supplementation ( extract containing >85% fucoidan, 1 g/day) for three-weeks in a double blind-placebo controlled cross-over trial (ACTRN12621000872831) could modulate alterations in faecal (calprotectin, lysozyme and IgA) and salivary (lactoferrin, lysozyme and IgA) markers of mucosal immune competence typically observed in response to both acute physical activity, and a period of intensified exercise training, in healthy recreationally active men ( = 12). Participants responded positively to the intensified training with 16-19% improvement in mean power that was not different between supplement groups. Faecal biomarkers and concentrations of lactoferrin, lysozyme and IgA from resting saliva samples were largely stable over the supplementation period.

Normal Variations in Upper Esophageal Sphincter Function During Deglutition: A Secondary Analysis of Videofluoroscopic Data.

Objective: Cricopharyngeal dysfunction is a common potential cause of pharyngoesophageal dysphagia. Contextual factors (i.e.

Tunable Light-Actuated Interpenetrating Networks of Silk Fibroin and Gelatin for Tissue Engineering and Flexible Biodevices.

Soft materials with tunable properties are valuable for applications such as tissue engineering, electronic skins, and human-machine interfaces. Materials that are nature-derived offer additional advantages such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, low-cost sourcing, and sustainability. However, these materials often have contrasting properties that limit their use.

Diana Scully's Legacy: Reflections From Former Students.

Six former students of Dr. Diana Scully share their memories of her and reflections on how she influenced them personally and professionally.

Adherence and Self-management Interventions among Systemically Marginalized and Underserved Youth with Asthma.

Objective: Asthma disproportionately impacts youth who have been systemically marginalized and underserved, henceforth termed underserved for brevity. Disparities are driven by systemic and structural racism and social determinants of health. We aimed to synthesize findings from interventions delivered among youth who have been underserved, highlight effective intervention strategies, and provide recommendations to promote health equity.

Impact of an Asynchronous Training for the Early Intervention and Childcare Workforce Addressing the Developmental Impact of the Opioid Crisis on Young Children.

Objectives: The US opioid epidemic contributes to a growing population of children experiencing neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). A review of the developmental impacts of the opioid crisis highlights that both prenatal exposure to teratogens and ACEs can result in developmental delay and disabilities. Training for the early intervention/early childhood (EI) systems is needed to enable them to meet the needs of this growing population.

Assessment of a Multispecies Probiotic Supplement for Relief of Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Early phase clinical research provided initial support for the use of a multispecies probiotic supplement to improve quality of life (QoL) in adults with seasonal allergic rhinitis (AR) and reduce the use of AR symptom relieving medication. This study aimed to confirm these early phase findings in a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial. Individuals, aged 18-65 years, with a minimum 2-year history of AR, moderate-to-severe AR symptoms, and a positive radio-allergosorbent test to Bermuda (Couch) Grass were randomized to receive either a multispecies probiotic supplement (total colony-forming units 4 × 10/day) or placebo twice daily for 8 weeks.

Children with uncontrolled asthma from economically disadvantaged neighborhoods: Needs assessment and the development of a school-based telehealth and electronic inhaler monitoring system.

Background: Children from economically disadvantaged communities often encounter healthcare access barriers, increasing risk for poorly controlled asthma and subsequent healthcare utilization. This highlights the need to identify novel intervention strategies for these families.

Objective: To better understand the needs and treatment preferences for asthma management in children from economically disadvantaged communities and to develop a novel asthma management intervention based on an initial needs assessment and stakeholder feedback.

What can evidence accumulation modelling tell us about human social cognition?

Evidence accumulation models are a series of computational models that provide an account for speeded decision-making. These models have been used extensively within the cognitive psychology literature to great success, allowing inferences to be drawn about the psychological processes that underlie cognition that are sometimes not available in a traditional analysis of accuracy or reaction time (RT). Despite this, there have been only a few applications of these models within the domain of social cognition.

Exploring the relationship between oculomotor preparation and gaze-cued covert shifts in attention.

Eye gaze plays dual perceptual and social roles in everyday life. Gaze allows us to select information, while also indicating to others where we are attending. There are situations, however, where revealing the locus of our attention is not adaptive, such as when playing competitive sports or confronting an aggressor.

Use of Behavior Change Techniques and Quality of Commercially Available Inflammatory Bowel Disease Apps.

Background: Inclusion of evidence-based behavior change techniques (e.g., self-monitoring) in mobile health apps has the potential to promote adherence to inflammatory bowel disease treatment.

Validation of the Electronic Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, Revised with Follow-Up: A Nonrandomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: To examine the classification rates and screening properties, including sensitivity and specificity, of the web-based Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddler, Revised with Follow-Up (M-CHAT-R/F) compared with paper-phone administration, and to determine the extent to which electronic M-CHAT-R/F streamlines screening, increases screening fidelity, increases diagnostic evaluation participation, and decreases waiting time from screening to evaluation compared with paper-phone modality.

Study Design: Primary-care practices in urban and suburban settings administered either the web-based or paper-phone M-CHAT-R/F using a prospective nonrandomized control design. Toddlers (n = 17 900) were screened between 2009 and 2016 at routine well-child check-ups.

Sleep mHealth Applications and Behavior Change Techniques Evaluation.

Objectives: Mobile health apps may be an effective way to increase sleep management skills. Although little has been documented about the content and quality of available sleep management apps, providers often make app recommendations to help with sleep self-management. The objective of this study was to systematically evaluate the content and quality of commercially available sleep apps.