A community service doctor's experiences of mental healthcare provision in rural Eastern Cape.

Background: Literature shows that in South Africa there are insufficient resources to meet mental healthcare needs. At general or district hospital level, the non-specialist doctor is often responsible for the holistic assessment and management of mental health service users. Such situations inevitably increase doctors' care load as they are required to treat across disciplines.

To queue or not to queue: Facility managers and mental health care users' experiences of integrated health care in a rural South African district.

Background: A key feature of South Africa's state health care strategy since 1994 has been the development and expansion of services towards integrated health care at primary health care level. Within the new system, emphasis has been on the integration of patients with mental health care needs with other patients where multiple health conditions and needs would be addressed simultaneously. As part of a larger study into mental health care in a predominantly rural district, we investigated the experiences of facility managers and mental health service users in rural clinics within the system of care.

A Tubular Electrochemical Reactor for Slurry Electrodes.

The research on electrochemical reactors is mostly limited to planarly designed modules. In this study, we compare a tubular and a planar electrochemical reactor for the utilization of the slurry electrodes. Cylindrical formed geometries demonstrate a higher surface-to-volume ratio, which may be favorable in terms of current density and volumetric power density.

Rational Design of Ion Exchange Membrane Material Properties Limits the Crossover of CO Reduction Products in Artificial Photosynthesis Devices.

Efficient operation is crucial for the deployment of photoelectrochemical CO reduction devices for large-scale artificial photosynthesis. In these devices, undesired transport of CO reduction products from the reduction electrode to the oxidation electrode may occur through a liquid electrolyte and an ion exchange membrane, reducing device productivity and increasing the energy required for product purification. Our work investigated the CO reduction product crossover through ion exchange membranes separating the cathode and anode compartments in CO reduction cells.

Noninvasive Quantification of Cell Density in Three-Dimensional Gels by MRI.

Objective: For tissue engineering, there is a need for quantitative methods to map cell density inside three-dimensional (3-D) bioreactors to assess tissue growth over time. The current cell mapping methods in 2-D cultures are based on optical microscopy. However, optical methods fail in 3-D due to increased opacity of the tissue.

"A More Equitable Society": The Politics of Global Fairness in Paralympic Sport.

The Paralympic Movement explicitly sets out to create a more equitable society and promote participation for all and fairness in disability sport. This is primarily achieved through the use of a range of interventions with less attention given to how economic factors may hinder access and achievement in Paralympic sport. We investigated how country-level economic variables influence the level of participation and achievement in the 2015 International Paralympic Committee (IPC) Athletics Championships held in Doha.

Demonstration of digital readout circuit for superconducting nanowire single photon detector.

We demonstrate the transfer of single photon triggered electrical pulses from a superconducting nanowire single photon detector (SNSPD) to a single flux quantum (SFQ) pulse. We describe design and test of a digital SFQ based SNSPD readout circuit and demonstrate its correct operation. Both circuits (SNSPD and SFQ) operate under the same cryogenic conditions and are directly connected by wire bonds.

Laboratory animal tests and human cancer.

The use of the results of laboratory animal tests to predict human cancer is effective in identifying potential human carcinogens before human exposure, permitting measures to be taken to prevent that exposure, a foolproof way to prevent human cancer. The purported, and highly publicized, faults of these tests, when examined critically, are shown not to be significant. Most chemicals are not carcinogenic; only about 1 in 10 are truly carcinogenic.

13th meeting of the Scientific Group on Methodologies for the Safety Evaluation of Chemicals (SGOMSEC): alternative testing methodologies and conceptual issues.

Substantial world-wide resources are being committed to develop improved toxicological testing methods that will contribute to better protection of human health and the environment. The development of new methods is intrinsically driven by new knowledge emanating from fundamental research in toxicology, carcinogenesis, molecular biology, biochemistry, computer sciences, and a host of other disciplines. Critical evaluations and strong scientific consensus are essential to facilitate adoption of alternative methods for use in the safety assessment of drugs, chemicals, and other environmental factors.

Can laboratory animal carcinogenicity studies predict cancer in exposed children?

A key to the prevention of childhood cancer is the control of carcinogens to which children are exposed. The first step in this process is to identify those chemicals that are likely to cause cancer in children. The best way to identify carcinogens, today, is the use of the rodent lifetime cancer test--the bioassay.

Disease-causing effects of environmental chemicals.

Both toxicologic studies and studies in environmental chemistry are important in assessing the potential adverse health effects of human exposures to hazardous environmental agents. This article discusses the toxic effects of chemical concentration at the target organ or site and how the concentration is related to the level of external exposure.