Discordant diagnostic criteria for pneumonia in COPD trials: a review.

Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) have a class effect of increasing pneumonia risk in patients with COPD. However, pneumonia incidence varies widely across clinical trials of ICS use in COPD. This review clarifies methodological differences in defining and recording pneumonia events in these trials and discusses factors that could contribute to the varying pneumonia incidence.

Ser-Phosphorylation of PCSK9 (Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin-Kexin 9) by Fam20C (Family With Sequence Similarity 20, Member C) Kinase Enhances Its Ability to Degrade the LDLR (Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor).

Objective: PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin 9) enhances the degradation of the LDLR (low-density lipoprotein receptor) in endosomes/lysosomes. This study aimed to determine the sites of PCSK9 phosphorylation at Ser-residues and the consequences of such posttranslational modification on the secretion and activity of PCSK9 on the LDLR. Approach and Results: Fam20C (family with sequence similarity 20, member C) phosphorylates serines in secretory proteins containing the motif S-X-E/phospho-Ser, including the cholesterol-regulating PCSK9.

CDK12 loss in cancer cells affects DNA damage response genes through premature cleavage and polyadenylation.

Cyclin-dependent kinase 12 (CDK12) modulates transcription elongation by phosphorylating the carboxy-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II and selectively affects the expression of genes involved in the DNA damage response (DDR) and mRNA processing. Yet, the mechanisms underlying such selectivity remain unclear. Here we show that CDK12 inhibition in cancer cells lacking CDK12 mutations results in gene length-dependent elongation defects, inducing premature cleavage and polyadenylation (PCPA) and loss of expression of long (>45 kb) genes, a substantial proportion of which participate in the DDR.

Coming to the new D.A.R.E.: A preliminary test of the officer-taught elementary keepin' it REAL curriculum.

The present study reports a preliminary evaluation of D.A.R.

Uptake and metabolism of 3H-fatty acid labelled lecithin by normal and atherosclerotic intima in vivo and in vitro.

Following the intravenous injection of tracer doses of 3H-fatty acid labelled lecithin into normally fed rabbits, minimal incorporation into serum cholesterol ester over a 6-hour period was observed. The labelled phospholipid was rapidly removed from the serum primarily by R.E.