Concurrent Nasal Symptoms in Non-Rhinogenic Headache.

Objective: This study aims to characterize concurrent nasal symptoms in a cohort of patients with non-rhinogenic headache (NRH) presenting to an otolaryngology clinic.

Study Design: A prospective cohort.

Setting: Single tertiary care institution.

Speak and you shall predict: evidence that speech at initial cocaine abstinence is a biomarker of long-term drug use behavior.

Background: Valid scalable biomarkers for predicting longitudinal clinical outcomes in psychiatric research are crucial for optimizing intervention and prevention efforts. Here we recorded spontaneous speech from initially abstinent individuals with cocaine use disorder (iCUD) for use in predicting drug use outcomes.

Methods: At baseline, 88 iCUD provided 5-minute speech samples describing the positive consequences of quitting drug use and negative consequences of using drugs.

Impact of Genomic Classifiers on Risk Stratification and Treatment Intensity in Patients With Localized Prostate Cancer : A Systematic Review.

Background: Tissue-based genomic classifiers (GCs) have been developed to improve prostate cancer (PCa) risk assessment and treatment recommendations.

Purpose: To summarize the impact of the Decipher, Oncotype DX Genomic Prostate Score (GPS), and Prolaris GCs on risk stratification and patient-clinician decisions on treatment choice among patients with localized PCa considering first-line treatment.

Data Sources: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science published from January 2010 to August 2024.

Safety and Efficacy of Deutetrabenazine at High versus Lower Daily Dosages in the ARC-HD Study to Treat Chorea in Huntington Disease.

Background: Huntington disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that causes psychiatric and neurological symptoms, including involuntary and irregular muscle movements (chorea). Chorea can disrupt activities of daily living, pose safety issues, and may lead to social withdrawal. The vesicular monoamine transporter 2 inhibitors tetrabenazine, deutetrabenazine, and valbenazine are approved treatments that can reduce chorea.

The Combined Effect of Multisensory Stimulation and Therapist Support on Physical and Mental Health of Older Adults Living in Nursing Homes: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Increasing life expectancy has led to a rise in nursing home admissions, a context in which older adults often experience chronic physical and mental health conditions, chronic pain, and reduced well-being. Nonpharmacological approaches are especially important for managing older adults' chronic pain, mental health conditions (such as anxiety and depression), and overall well-being, including sensory stimulation (SS) and therapist support (TS). However, the combined effects of SS and TS have not been investigated.

Effectiveness of Synchronous Postdischarge Contacts on Health Care Use and Patient Satisfaction : A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Postdischarge contacts (PDCs) after hospitalization are common practice, but their effectiveness in reducing use of acute care after discharge remains unclear.

Purpose: To assess the effects of PDC on 30-day emergency department (ED) visits, 30-day hospital readmissions, and patient satisfaction.

Data Sources: MEDLINE, Embase, and CINAHL searched from 2012 to 25 May 2023.

A simple phylogenetic approach to analyze hypermutated HIV proviruses reveals insights into their dynamics and persistence during antiretroviral therapy.

Hypermutated proviruses, which arise in a single Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) replication cycle when host antiviral APOBEC3 proteins introduce extensive guanine to adenine mutations throughout the viral genome, persist in all people living with HIV receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, hypermutated sequences are routinely excluded from phylogenetic trees because their extensive mutations complicate phylogenetic inference, and as a result, we know relatively little about their within-host evolutionary origins and dynamics. Using >1400 longitudinal single-genome-amplified HIV sequences isolated from six women over a median of 18 years of follow-up-including plasma HIV RNA sequences collected over a median of 9 years between seroconversion and ART initiation, and >500 proviruses isolated over a median of 9 years on ART-we evaluated three approaches for masking hypermutation in nucleotide alignments.

Analysis of time to regulatory approval in an exception from informed consent trial in trauma patients.

Background: The interactive media-based approach to community consultation and public disclosure (CC/PD), a key step when conducting exception from informed consent (EFIC) clinical trials, is intended to be completed in 4 months. This analysis characterizes the process, from initiation of CC/PD activities to institutional review board approval, to better understand the barriers and how these can be mitigated.

Methods: This is a retrospective post hoc analysis of data collected as part of the CC/PD campaigns conducted for a large trial involving up to 90 trauma centers in the United States.

Intracerebroventricular B7-H3-targeting CAR T cells for diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma: a phase 1 trial.

Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is a fatal central nervous system (CNS) tumor that confers a median survival of 11 months. As B7-H3 is expressed on pediatric CNS tumors, we conducted BrainChild-03, a single-center, dose-escalation phase 1 clinical trial of repetitive intracerebroventricular (ICV) dosing of B7-H3-targeting chimeric antigen receptor T cells (B7-H3 CAR T cells) for children with recurrent or refractory CNS tumors and DIPG. Here we report results from Arm C, restricted to patients with DIPG.

Changes in Prolactin and Insulin Resistance in PCOS Patients Undergoing Metformin Treatment: A Retrospective Study.

Prolactin levels have been shown to influence metabolic outcomes, including insulin resistance. Metformin is known to be beneficial in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients. PCOS women might react differently to metformin treatment depending on their baseline prolactin levels.

Herpesvirus Antibodies Are Correlated With Greater Expression of p16 in the T Cells of Humans.

Background: There is an increasing awareness that aging of the immune system, or immunosenescence, is a key biological process underlying many of the hallmark diseases of aging and age-related decline broadly. While immunosenescence can be in part due to normal age-related changes in the immune system, emerging evidence posits that viral infections may be biological stressors of the immune system that accelerate the pace of immunosenescence.

Methods: We used a convenience sample of 42 individuals aged 65 years and older to examine correlations between antiviral immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels for 4 human herpesviruses (cytomegalovirus [CMV], herpes simplex virus [types 1 and 2], and Epstein-Barr virus) and multiple indicators of T-cell immunosenescence.

Frontal White Matter Changes and Craving Recovery in Inpatients With Heroin Use Disorder.

Importance: Amidst an unprecedented opioid epidemic, identifying neurobiological correlates of change with medication-assisted treatment of heroin use disorder is imperative. White matter impairments in individuals with heroin use disorder (HUD) have been associated with drug craving, a reliable predictor of treatment outcomes; however, little is known about structural connectivity changes with inpatient treatment and abstinence in individuals with HUD.

Objective: To assess white matter microstructure and associations with drug craving changes with inpatient treatment in individuals with HUD (effects of time and rescan compared with controls).

Relational neuroscience: Insights from hyperscanning research.

Humans are highly social, typically without this ability requiring noticeable efforts. Yet, such social fluency poses challenges both for the human brain to compute and for scientists to study. Over the last few decades, neuroscientific research of human sociality has witnessed a shift in focus from single-brain analysis to complex dynamics occurring across several brains, posing questions about what these dynamics mean and how they relate to multifaceted behavioural models.

Brief Video-Delivered Intervention to Reduce Anxiety and Improve Functioning in Older Veterans: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Older veterans with anxiety disorders encounter multiple barriers to receiving mental health services, including transportation difficulties, physical limitations, and limited access to providers trained to work with older persons. To address both accessibility and the shortage of available providers, evidence-based treatments that can be delivered via guided self-management modalities are a potential solution.

Objective: This study aims to determine the feasibility and acceptability of a randomized controlled trial of 2 guided self-management interventions.

Impact of age, race, and medication use on efficacy endpoints in a randomized controlled trial of topical sildenafil cream for the treatment of female sexual arousal disorder.

Background: A study of topical Sildenafil Cream 3.6% was completed among healthy premenopausal women with female sexual arousal disorder.

Aims: To compare efficacy endpoints based on product use in pre-planned and post-hoc subsets of age, race, and medication use.

Survival outcomes of population-wide colonoscopy screening: reanalysis of the NordICC data.

Background: Colonoscopy as a common screening practice to prevent colorectal cancer lacks strong evidence. NordICC, the first randomized trial of colonoscopy screening, reported no clear clinical benefit for colonoscopy in the intention-to-screen population with suggested benefit in the risk of colorectal incidence and cancer-specific mortality in the per-protocol analyses. However, although the study was designed to perform survival analysis, no survival outcomes were reported since the underlying assumption for hazard ratio was not valid.

Simplifying Complex Figure scoring: Data from the Emory Healthy Brain Study and initial clinical validation.

Objective: To introduce the Emory 10-element Complex Figure (CF) scoring system and recognition task. We evaluated the relationship between Emory CF scoring and traditional Osterrieth CF scoring approach in cognitively healthy volunteers. Additionally, a cohort of patients undergoing deep brain stimulation (DBS) evaluation was assessed to compare the scoring methods in a clinical population.

Cytokines in chest tube drainage after pediatric cardiac surgery - Is chylothorax the only phenotype?

Background: Chylothorax after pediatric cardiac surgery is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Poor understanding exists regarding inflammation within the pleural fluid. Our aim was to determine the relationship between proinflammatory markers and chylothorax.

Highly neurogenic glia from human and mouse myenteric ganglia generate functional neurons following culture and transplantation into the gut.

Enteric neural stem cell (ENSC) therapy offers great promise for neurointestinal diseases; however, current isolation methods yield insufficient neurons for regenerative applications. Multiomic profiling of enteric glial cells (EGCs) suggests that subpopulations within myenteric ganglia (MyGa) are a reservoir of highly neurogenic ENSCs. Here, we describe protocols to enrich for intraganglionic EGCs by isolating intact fragments of MyGa, generating cultures with higher neuronal purity than traditional methodologies isolating intramuscular single cells (IM-SCs).

Increased tobacco taxation associated with decreased consumption and bladder cancer incidence.

Purpose: The temporal relationship between smoking exposure and bladder cancer (BC) diagnosis remains ill-defined. This study aims to cross-correlate and temporally associate changes in United States (US) tobacco tax and consumption with BC incidence.

Methods: US tobacco consumption, tobacco tax data, and BC incidence rates from 1975-2019 were retrieved.

Assessment of genes involved in lysosomal diseases using the ClinGen clinical validity framework.

Lysosomal diseases (LDs) are a heterogeneous group of rare genetic disorders that result in impaired lysosomal function, leading to progressive multiorgan system dysfunction. Accurate diagnosis is paramount to initiating targeted therapies early in the disease process in addition to providing prognostic information and appropriate support for families. In recent years, genomic sequencing technologies have become the first-line approach in the diagnosis of LDs.