HER2-targeted ADC DX126-262 combined with chemotherapy demonstrates superior antitumor efficacy in HER2-positive gastric cancer.

Gastric cancer is a common malignant tumor with high incidence and mortality. The overexpression of Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is associated with increased metastatic potential and poor clinical outcome in gastric cancer. Despite the proven clinical response rates of approved HER2-targeted therapies, including Trastuzumab combined with chemotherapy, their limited long-term clinical benefits and inevitable disease progression still pose significant challenges to the clinical treatment of gastric cancer.

Determining the Optimal Age for Extracranial-Intracranial Bypass Surgery: A Post Hoc Analysis of the CMOSS Randomized Trial.

Background: Previous trials have failed to demonstrate the benefits of extracranial-intracranial (EC-IC) bypass surgery for patients with carotid or middle cerebral artery occlusion. However, little evidence has focused on the effect of age on prognosis. This study aimed to explore whether EC-IC bypass surgery can provide greater benefits than medical therapy alone in specific age groups.

Editorial Commentary: Thoughtful Application of Artificial Intelligence Technique Improves Diagnostic Accuracy and Supportive Clinical Decision-Making.

Medical research within areas of deep learning, particularly in computer vision for medical imaging, has shown promise over the past decade with an increasing volume of technical papers published in orthopaedics related to imaging artificial intelligence (AI). However, as more tools and models are developed and deployed, it is easy for clinicians to get overwhelmed with the different types of models, leaving "artificial intelligence" as an empty buzzword where true value can be unclear. As with surgery, the techniques of deep learning require thoughtful application and cannot follow a one-size-fits-all approach as different problems require differential levels of technical complexity with model application.

Pulsed Field Ablation of Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia: A Prospective Multicenter Single-Arm Study in China.

Background: Pulsed field ablation (PFA) has gained attention in cardiac electrophysiology, but data on its application to paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia are limited. This study aimed to assess the feasibility and safety of PFA and its combination with radiofrequency ablation for treating paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia.

Methods: A prospective, multicenter, single-arm study was conducted across 8 centers in China.

Age-related decline in CD8 tissue resident memory T cells compromises antitumor immunity.

Aging compromises antitumor immunity, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we report that aging impairs the generation of CD8 tissue resident memory T (T) cells in nonlymphoid tissues in mice, thus compromising the antitumor activity of aged CD8 T cells, which we also observed in human lung adenocarcinoma. We further identified that the apoptosis regulator BFAR was highly enriched in aged CD8 T cells, in which BFAR suppressed cytokine-induced JAK2 signaling by activating JAK2 deubiquitination, thereby limiting downstream STAT1-mediated T reprogramming.

Patient-reported gastrointestinal symptoms in gastric cancer after laparoscopic distal gastrectomy.

Purpose: This study aimed to compare postoperative gastrointestinal symptoms between patients who underwent laparoscopic distal gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y (R-Y) and Billroth-II with Braun (B-II B) reconstruction.

Methods: This observational study retrospectively analyzed 151 patients (110 in R-Y group and 41 in B-II B group) who underwent laparoscopic distal gastrectomy from January 2020 to December 2021. A comparison was made regarding surgical outcomes, perioperative nutritional and inflammatory markers, postoperative dietary patterns, and gastrointestinal symptoms between the two groups.

Tunable Luminescent Properties and Multifunctional Imaging Applications of (GdR)OS:Tb (R = Y, La) Phosphor and Screen.

GdOS:Tb phosphor screens are widely used in image intensifiers, computed tomography, and neutron imaging. To improve the luminescent properties and thermal stability, (GdR)OS:Tb (R = Y, La) ( = 0, 0.05, 0.

Molecular Basis of VCPIP1 and P97/VCP Interaction Reveals Its Functions in Post-Mitotic Golgi Reassembly.

The VCPIP1-P97/VCP (Valosin-Containing Protein) complex is required for post-mitotic Golgi cisternae reassembly and maintenance in interphase. However, the organization and mechanism of this complex in regulating Golgi membrane fusion is still elusive. Here, the cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of the human VCPIP1-P97/VCP complex are presented.

Higher Risk of Mental Illness in Patients With Diagnosed and Untreated Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysm: Findings From a Nationwide Cohort Study.

Background: We aimed to investigate the association between a diagnosis of untreated unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) and the development of mental illness.

Methods: This retrospective, propensity-score-matched cohort study was based on the nationwide South Korean database. The UIA diagnosis group included participants newly diagnosed with UIA between 2011 and 2019.

Improving Executive Function and Dual-Task Cost in Parkinson Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background And Purpose: Dual-task walking is challenging for people with Parkinson disease (PD). Gait performance worsens while executing dual tasks, possibly due to a decline in executive function (EF). This study aimed to investigate the effects of dual-task training on EF and dual-task cost (DTC) in people with PD and to explore whether training-induced changes in EF were associated with changes in DTC.

Leveraging cfDNA fragmentomic features in a stacked ensemble model for early detection of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

In this study, we develop a stacked ensemble model that utilizes cell-free DNA (cfDNA) fragmentomics for the early detection of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). This model incorporates four distinct fragmentomics features derived from whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and advanced machine learning algorithms for robust analysis. It is validated across both an independent validation cohort and an external cohort to ensure its generalizability and effectiveness.

Native and Gd-EOB-DTPA-Enhanced T1 mapping for Assessment of Liver Fibrosis in NAFLD: Comparative Analysis of Modified Look-Locker Inversion Recovery and Water-specific T1 mapping.

Rationale And Objectives: To investigate the diagnostic performance of water-specific T1 mapping for staging liver fibrosis in a non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) rabbit model, in comparison to Modified Look-Locker Inversion recovery (MOLLI) T1 mapping.

Materials And Methods: 60 rabbits were randomly divided into the control group (12 rabbits) and NAFLD model groups (eight rabbits per subgroup) corresponding to different durations of high-fat high cholesterol diet feeding. All rabbits underwent MRI examination including MOLLI T1 mapping and 3D multi-echo variable flip angle (VFAME- GRE) sequences were acquired before and 20 min after the administration of Gd- EOB-DTPA.

A foundation model for clinical-grade computational pathology and rare cancers detection.

The analysis of histopathology images with artificial intelligence aims to enable clinical decision support systems and precision medicine. The success of such applications depends on the ability to model the diverse patterns observed in pathology images. To this end, we present Virchow, the largest foundation model for computational pathology to date.

A Novel Anti-CD38 Monoclonal Antibody for Treating Immune Thrombocytopenia.

Background: Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disease characterized by autoantibody-mediated platelet destruction. Treatment with CM313, a novel anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody, can result in targeted clearance of CD38-positive cells, including plasma cells.

Methods: We conducted a phase 1-2, open-label study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of CM313 in adult patients with ITP.

Tracing unknown tumor origins with a biological-pathway-based transformer model.

Cancer of unknown primary (CUP) represents metastatic cancer where the primary site remains unidentified despite standard diagnostic procedures. To determine the tumor origin in such cases, we developed BPformer, a deep learning method integrating the transformer model with prior knowledge of biological pathways. Trained on transcriptomes from 10,410 primary tumors across 32 cancer types, BPformer achieved remarkable accuracy rates of 94%, 92%, and 89% in primary tumors and primary and metastatic sites of metastatic tumors, respectively, surpassing existing methods.

A Pseudo-Surfactant Chemical Permeation Enhancer to Treat Otitis Media via Sustained Transtympanic Delivery of Antibiotics.

Chemical permeation enhancers (CPEs) represent a prevalent and safe strategy to enable noninvasive drug delivery across skin-like biological barriers such as the tympanic membrane (TM). While most existing CPEs interact strongly with the lipid bilayers in the stratum corneum to create defects as diffusion paths, their interactions with the delivery system, such as polymers forming a hydrogel, can compromise gelation, formulation stability, and drug diffusion. To overcome this challenge, differing interactions between CPEs and the hydrogel system are explored, especially those with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), an ionic surfactant and a common CPE, and those with methyl laurate (ML), a nonionic counterpart with a similar length alkyl chain.

Overexpressed Trophoblast Glycoprotein Contributes to Preeclampsia Development by Inducing Abnormal Trophoblast Migration and Invasion Toward the Uterine Spiral Artery.

Background: Preeclampsia is a significant pregnancy disorder with an unknown cause, mainly attributed to impaired spiral arterial remodeling.

Methods: Using RNA sequencing, we identified key genes in placental tissues from healthy individuals and preeclampsia patients. Placenta and plasma samples from pregnant women were collected to detect the expression of TPBG (trophoblast glycoprotein).

Clinical and Genomic Landscape of RAS Mutations in Gynecologic Cancers.

Purpose: We aimed to describe RAS mutations in gynecologic cancers as they relate to clinicopathologic and genomic features, survival, and therapeutic implications.

Experimental Design: Gynecologic cancers with available somatic molecular profiling data at our institution between February 2010 and August 2022 were included and grouped by RAS mutation status. Overall survival was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method, and multivariable analysis was performed using the Cox proportional hazard model.

Rapid development of double-hit mRNA antibody cocktail against orthopoxviruses.

The Orthopoxvirus genus, especially variola virus (VARV), monkeypox virus (MPXV), remains a significant public health threat worldwide. The development of therapeutic antibodies against orthopoxviruses is largely hampered by the high cost of antibody engineering and manufacturing processes. mRNA-encoded antibodies have emerged as a powerful and universal platform for rapid antibody production.

Abdominal Symptom Improvement During Clinical Trials of Tenapanor in Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome With Constipation: A Post Hoc Analysis.

Introduction: This post hoc analysis evaluated the efficacy of tenapanor on abdominal symptoms in patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation. Abdominal symptoms assessed included pain, discomfort, bloating, cramping, and fullness.

Methods: The abdominal symptom data were pooled from 3 randomized controlled trials (NCT01923428, T3MPO-1 [NCT02621892], and T3MPO-2 [NCT02686138]).

A comparison of pregnancy outcomes and congenital malformations in offspring between patients undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection and conventional in vitro fertilization: a retrospective cohort study.

Objective: To explore whether intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) would increase the malformation risk in fetuses and live births compared with conventional in vitro fertilization (IVF).

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Patient(s): Data were collected from couples who underwent conventional IVF or ICSI from January 2009 to December 2019 at the Center for Reproductive Medicine of Peking University Third Hospital in the People's Republic of China.

Integrated Diffusion Tensor Imaging and Renal Parenchymal Volume for Early Detection and Grading of Split Renal Functional Impairment in Lupus Nephritis.

Rationale And Objectives: To investigate the effectiveness of combining split diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measurements with split renal parenchymal volume (RPV) for assessing split renal functional impairment in patients with lupus nephritis (LN).

Materials And Methods: Seventy-four participants [48 LN patients and 26 healthy volunteers (HV)] were included in the study. All participant underwent conventional MR and DTI (b = 0, 400, and 600 s/mm) examinations using a 3.